FIGURE 2.

Spatial distribution of cost ratios adjusted for age and cause of death (model 2, left column) and fully adjusted (right column) for males. Regional values derived from exponentiated random effects across 564 regions of place of residence, nested within 71 hospital service areas (HSAs). Cost ratio represents the ratio by which regional costs are higher or lower when compared with the national mean; for instance, coefficient of 1.2 indicates 1.2 times (or 20%) higher cost.