Paternal deprivation alters adult hippocampal protein expression and histone acetylation. (A) Males that grew up with a mother only (M/MO) had increased corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2) protein expression in the hippocampus compared to males that grew up with both a mother and father (M/MF). (B) Compared to males and females reared by a mother and father (M/MF, F/MF), males and females reared without a father (M/MO, F/MO) had higher protein levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the truncated form (TrkBt) and trending in the full length form (TrkBFL) in the hippocampus. (C) MO subjects also had higher protein levels of total histone 3 (H3total) in the hippocampus as well as higher levels of histone acetylation (H3ace). Finally, compared to MF females, MO females had a higher ratio of histone 3 acetylation at lysine 9 (H3K9ace) to H3total. Data are shown as mean + SEM. *p <.05. Alphabetic letters indicate the results from a post-hoc test following an ANOVA. Bars labeled with different letters differ significantly from each other.