Table 1.

Selected prokaryotic glycosylation systems discussed in this review^a,^b.

Organism	Glycosyltransferase	Linkage	Substrates	Residues modified	Glycan	Reference
Campylobacter jejuni	PglB (GT66)	N	~60 substrates	Asn	Heptasaccharide	Nothaft and Szymanski (2010)
Helicobacter pullorum	PglB1	N	Peptides obtained from a reaction mixture of C. jejuni membranes	Asn	Pentasaccharide	Jervis et al. (2010)
Haemophilus influenzae	HMW1C and HMW2C (GT41)	N	HMW1/2 adhesins	Asn	Hex and di-Hex (Hex: Glc or Gal)	Kawai et al. (2011)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae	ApNGT	N / O	Autotransporter adhesins (preferred)	Asn, Gln, Ser	Glc and Gal	Naegeli et al. (2014)
Campylobacter jejuni 11168	NC	O	Flagellin FlaA	Ser, Thr	Pse and derivatives	Zampronio et al. (2011)
Campylobacter coli VC167	NC	O	Flagellin	Ser, Thr	Leg and derivatives	Morrison and Imperiali (2014)
Burkholderia cepacia K56-2	bcal0960, PglLBc	O	Relaxed specificity for sugar donor and protein acceptor	Serine	Trisaccharide: HexNAc–HexNAc–Hex	Lithgow et al. (2014)
Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3	OTase-like protein	O	Polar flagella	Ser, Thr	Pse-containing heptasaccharide	Merino et al. (2014)
Clostridium difficile 630	CD0240	O	Flagellin FliC	Ser, Thr	Modified HexNAc residues	Twine et al. (2009)
Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051T	PAV2c_01630 and PAV2c_01640	O	Flagellin Hag	Ser, Thr	Trisaccharide: Hex-HexNAc–HexNAc	Janesch et al. (2016)
Neisseria meningitidis	PglL	O	Type IV pilin	Ser	Disaccharide: Bac and Gal	Faridmoayer et al. (2007)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	PglO	O	Pilin PilE	Ser	Trisaccharide: Bac and Gal2	Hartley et al. (2011)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa5196	TfpW (GT-C)	O	Type IVa pilin	Thr, Ser	α1,5-d-Araf residues	Harvey et al. (2011)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Rv1002c	O	Several cell-surface glycoproteins, including protein Apa	Thr	α1,2-D-mannobioses	Liu et al. (2013)
Staphylococcus aureus	GtfA and GtfB	O	Human platelets incl. serine-rich adhesin for platelets (SraP)	Ser	GlcNAc-containing oligosaccharides	Li et al. (2014)
Bacillus anthracis	BA3668?	O	BclA spore glycoprotein	Ser, Thr	Serum-specific short O-glycans and large oligosaccharides	Maes et al. (2016)
Bacillus subtilis 168	SunS	S	SunA precursor peptide of sublancin	Cys	Glc	Wang and van der Donk (2011)
Haloferax volcanii	AglB	N	Major archaellin FlgA1	Asn	Pentasaccharide with proximal Glc	Tripepi et al. (2012)
Methanococcus maripaludis S2	AglB	N	Major archaellins FlaB1 and FlaB2, and minor archaellin FlaB3	Asn	Complex tetra- saccharide with proximal GalNAc	Siu et al. (2015)
Methanococcus maripaludis S2	AglB	N	Major pilin EpdE	Asn	Archaellin tetra- saccharide + Hex, branching off from GalNAc	Siu et al. (2015)
Haloferax volcanii	AglB	N	Major adhesion pilins PilA1 and PilA2	Asn	Like archaellin penta- saccharide	Esquivel et al. (2016)
Thermoplasma acidophilum	AglB	N	6-C-sulfofucose containing cell-surface glycoproteins	Asn	Okta- and heptasac-charide with proximal β-Gal	Vinogradov et al. (2012)

^aAglB, archaeal N-oligosaccharyltransferase; Asn, asparagine; ApNGT, A. pleuropneumoniae N-glycosyltransferase; Bac, bacillosamine; BclA, Bacillus collagen-like protein of anthracis; Cys, cysteine; Gal, galactose; Glc, glucose; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; Gln, glutamine; GT, glycosyltransferase family; Gtf, glycosyltransferase; Hex, hexose; HexNAc, N-acetylhexosamine; HMW, high molecular weight protein; Leg, legionaminic acid; NC, not classified; OTase, oligosaccharyltransferase; Pgl, protein glycosylation; PglB, bacterial N-oligosaccharyltransferase; Pse, pseudaminic acid; SunS, S-glycosyl-transferase; Ser, serine; SraP, serine-rich adhesin for platelets; Thr, threonine.

^bGlycan structure and composition of bacterial and archaeal S-layer glycoproteins and SCWPs are provided in Figs 2-1 to 2-4, and these systems are described in greater detail in specific chapters of the review.