Table 1.

Inter-Observer and Intra-Observer Reliability of Clinical Tests for Knee OA

Inter-observer Reliability						Intra-observer Reliability
Clinical Evaluation	Outcome Category	Prevalence^	Kappa Values	95% CI	% Raw Agreement	Prevalence^	Kappa Values	95% CI	% Raw Agreement
Bony Enlargement	present vs absent/unsure	0.22	0.66	0.32 to 1.00	88.0	0.37	0.98	0.93 to 1.00	98.9
Quadriceps Wasting	present vs absent/possible present palpable/audible vs	0.24	0.78	0.40 to 1.00	84.0	0.62	0.83	0.72 to 0.95	90.9
Knee Joint Crepitus	absent/unsure	0.90	0.78	0.36 to 1.00	96.0	0.91	0.78	0.55 to 1.00	96.6
Medial Tibiofemoral Joint Tenderness	present vs absent	0.54	0.76	0.50 to 1.00	88.0	0.48	0.64	0.49 to 0.80	81.8
Lateral Tibiofemoral Joint Tenderness	present vs absent	0.28	1.00	1.00 to 1.00	100.0	0.22	0.60	0.39 to 0.80	86.4
Patellofemoral Joint Tenderness	present vs absent	0.30	0.53	0.16 to 0.89	80.0	0.36	0.66	0.60 to 0.92	84.1
Anserine Tenderness	present vs absent	0.26	0.48	0.09 to 0.87	80.0	0.22	0.73	0.61 to 0.99	90.9
Effusion : Bulge Sign	5-point Likert scale	0.96	0.78*	0.55 to 1.00	80.0	0.64	0.83*	0.73 to 0.94	85.2
Effusion : Ballottement Test ▪	present with/without click vs absent	0.66	0.73	0.45 to 1.00	88.0	0.18	0.77	0.60 to 0.95	93.2

Legends: OA – osteoarthritis; CI – confidence interval;

^*Weighted kappa;

^{^}Prevalence was calculated as the average of positive findings between the two rated scores;

^▪Ballottement test was defined as positive click/tap or downward movement of the patella on pressure and rebounding of patella upon removal of pressure