Table 5.
Economic burden of running-related injuries (RRIs) in trailrunners
| Overall | Direct cost | Indirect cost | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | General practitioner | Medical specialist | Physiotherapy | Absenteeism from paid work | ||
| Cost per RRI, € | ||||||
| All injuries, n = 242 | 172.22 (117.10 to 271.74) | 60.92 (45.11 to 94.90) | 2.35 (1.08 to 4.14) | 15.38 (8.51 to 27.41) | 43.19 (30.96 to 60.20) | 111.30 (61.02 to 192.75) |
| Overuse, n = 182 | 174.40 (108.52 to 302.65) | 69.96 (48.18 to 102.90) | 1.44 (0.51 to 3.54) | 17.84 (9.57 to 31.88) | 50.68 (35.02 to 72.00) | 104.44 (50.88 to 205.16) |
| Acute, n = 60 | 165.61 (78.19 to 363.54) | 33.50 (18.55 to 55.33) | 5.13 (2.05 to 10.52) | 7.92 (1.32 to 22.43) | 20.45 (9.90 to 41.57) | 132.11 (44.36 to 301.15) |
| Difference (overuse minus acute)† | 16.60 (−161.98 to 179.61) | 31.05 (16.31 to 76.70)* | −3.85 (−10.42 to −3.66)* | 3.79 (−14.19 to 23.45) | 27.43 (23.68 to 50.98)* | −14.88 (−210.93 to 99.40) |
| Cost per 1000 h of running, € | ||||||
| All participants, n = 223 | 1849.49 (1180.62 to 3058.91) | 654.22 (465.82 to 942.68) | 25.28 (11.61 to 44.41) | 165.13 (91.35 to 291.60) | 463.81 (323.26 to 686.48) | 1195.27 (635.76 to 2346.03) |
| Male, n = 166 | 1783.44 (1013.66 to 3321.43) | 548.35 (353.32 to 966.17) | 19.46 (7.41 to 37.99) | 142.93 (57.17 to 290.63) | 385.96 (238.25 to 631.36) | 1235.09 (582.51 to 2622.02) |
| Female, n = 57 | 2034.97 (1032.15 to 4630.62) | 951.52 (621.73 to 1630.91) | 41.63 (10.41 to 104.08) | 227.45 (80.28 to 454.90) | 682.44 (398.56 to 1137.39) | 1083.45 (279.82 to 3134.15) |
| Difference (males minus females) | −251.52 (−2671.36 to 1380.54) | −403.17 (−1107.63 to 118.15) | −22.17 (−92.86 to 10.32) | −84.52 (−339.59 to 109.56) | −296.47 (−801.50 to 50.16) | 151.64 (−1751.25 to 1485.12) |
| Cost per most commonly reported RRIs, € | ||||||
| Achilles tendon injury, n = 31 | 67.60 (30.08 to 148.10) | 46.68 (19.16 to 111.10) | 1.99 (0.00 to 12.32) | 10.22 (0.00 to 53.23) | 34.48 (13.68 to 69.77) | 20.91 (0.00 to 128.43) |
| Calf muscle injury, n = 26 | 135.85 (49.22 to 391.91) | 56.00 (23.19 to 123.85) | 1.18 (0.00 to 6.58) | 21.32 (5.66 to 63.18) | 33.50 (11.50 to 80.89) | 79.86 (0.00 to 384.14) |
| Knee pain undiagnosed, n = 21 | 13.20 (2.83 to 33.33) | 13.20 (3.05 to 31.67) | – | – | 13.20 (2.92 to 33.73) | – |
| Ankle sprain, n = 17 | 82.20 (8.48 to 346.78) | 20.96 (5.16 to 50.47) | – | – | 20.96 (5.28 to 53.78) | 61.24 (0.00 to 319.48) |
All costs are presented in euros (€). Mean values are followed by the bias-corrected and accelerated 95 % confidence interval estimated by bootstrapping (2000 replications)
* Significant difference between overuse and acute RRIs
† The difference in costs between overuse and acute RRIs were estimated using linear mixed models with random intercept at the participant level, adjusted for the following possible confounders measured at baseline: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), running experience, practice of other sports, chronic condition, medication use, current RRIs, and previous RRIs