Table 3.

Amniotic fluid biomarker concentrations in IAI suspected cases with or without MIAC.

Biomarker ng/mL	MIAC+ (N = 7)	MIAC− (N = 20)	p value	Adjusted pvalue∗
Cascade 1
MMP-8	3019 (69–5431)	7.5 (3–2372)	<0.001	<0.001
MMP-9	2981 (84–9678)	3.4 (0.7–730)	<0.001	<0.001
MPO	4866 (267–79095)	299 (75.6–55185)	0.002	0.001
IL-6	94.9 (5.6–540)	0.6 (0.03–1021)	<0.001	0.002
Cascade 2
HNE	11280 (315–16380)	12.3 (2.8–9862)	<0.001	<0.001
Elafin	1533 (58–10491)	191 (7–4642)	0.031	0.016
MMP-9	2981 (84–9678)	3.4 (0.7–730)	<0.001	<0.001
Cascade 3
MMP-2	311 (266–938)	231.5 (153–696)	0.081	0.055
TIMP-1	3958 (1456–9752)	1178 (633–9317)	0.001	0.001
MMP-8 /TIMP-1 molar ratio	0.167 (0.011–0.973)	0.004 (0.001–0.155)	<0.001	<0.001
CRP	133 (23–1783)	42.5 (5–985)	0.092	0.092
Biomarkers routinely used in clinical practice
LD IU/L	1689 (337–5459)	185.5 (88–1521)	<0.001
Gluc mmol/L	0.1 (0.0–1.5)	2.0 (0.0–4.0)	<0.001

Median (range).

^∗Adjusted by gestational age at amniocentesis.

MIAC, microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity.

MMP-8, matrix metalloproteinase-8; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; MPO, myeloperoxidase; IL-6, interleukin-6; HNE, neutrophil elastase; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1; CRP, C-reactive protein; LD, lactate dehydrogenase; Gluc, glucose.