Table 4.

Main longitudinal studies on the third finger middle phalanx maturation (MPM) method and mandibular growth peak in untreated subjects without major malocclusion.

Study	Sample origin and other information	Sample size and sex distribution/age range	Middle phalanx maturation assessment	Main mandibular parameter	Statistical analysis	Main results	Clinical implications according to the authors
Perinetti et al. 2016 [37]	Burlington growth study	15 F, 20 M/9–16 yrs	Five-stage custom method (Figure 2)	Co-Gn	Diagnostic performance	Stage 2 had a satisfactory but variable accuracy in the identification of imminent mandibular growth peak	The MPM method may be useful in treatment timing

Co, Condylion; Gn, Gnathion.