Table 4.
Proficiency parameters for sample pretreatment methods reviewed.
| Treatment | Conditions | Limit of detection | Reproducibility (RSD, %) | Recovery (%) | Detection system | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ultrasound | 40°C, pH 7.15 | 0.03–0.05 μg mL−1 | <4.1 | 81.89–92.42 | LC-UV | [42] |
| SPE | Britton-Robinson buffer, 0.008 mol L−1, pH 10 | 4.4–12 μg kg−1 | <11.0 | 76.5–95.5 | LC-DAD | [43] |
| Pressure | 3 min, 60°C, 65 bars | 10.0–15.0 μg kg−1 | <8.4 | 75.6–102.9 | LC-UV | [44] |
| MSPE | pH 10.0 | 2–9 μg L−1 | <2.7 | 99.7–101.2 | Capillary electrophoresis | [45] |
| SPE | CH3CN/CH3CO2H (8 : 2) | 0.61–10.34 μg kg−1 | <7.3 | 81.5–101.4 | [46] | |
| MSPD | C6H14, CH3CN : CH2Cl2 (1 : 1) | 7–34 mg kg−1 | <6.1 | 80.6–99.2 | LC-DAD | [47] |
| MI-SPE | CH3OH, 70°C, 105 bars | Not indicated | Not indicated | Not indicated | LC-ITMS | [48] |
| SPE | CH3CN : CH3OH (1 : 1), 0.1 mol L−1 phosphoric acid | Not indicated | Not indicated | 96–98 | Spectrophotometry | [49] |
| SPE | McIlvaine/EDTA buffer | 1.5–8.0 μg L−1 | <3.6 | 70.3–107.4 | DAD | [49] |