TABLE 3.
Effects of supplementation with RS and PD on Wnt pathway–related gene expression in the human rectal mucosa1
| Effect of RS |
Effect of PD |
|||||
| Gene | − | + | P | − | + | P |
| APC | 1.83 (1.48, 2.22) | 1.49 (1.17, 1.85) | 0.227 | 1.55 (1.24, 1.89) | 1.77 (1.43, 2.17) | 0.410 |
| AXIN2 | 2.15 (1.81, 2.50) | 2.22 (1.89, 2.55) | 0.230 | 2.31 (1.98, 2.65) | 2.42 (2.07, 2.77) | 0.682 |
| CCND1 | 66.5 (45.9, 96.3) | 45.2 (30.6, 66.7) | 0.171 | 50.9 (33.4, 77.6) | 59.0 (37.7, 92.4) | 0.678 |
| CTNNB1 | 14.9 (12.3, 17.7) | 11.1 (9.0, 13.5) | 0.045 | 12.5 (10.3, 15.1) | 13.3 (10.8, 16.0) | 0.679 |
| FOSL1 | 0.023 (0.01, 0.10) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.474 | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.17) | 0.303 |
| GSK3β | 5.31 (4.56, 6.07) | 4.08 (4.08, 5.53) | 0.351 | 4.92 (4.18, 5.65) | 5.20 (4.44, 5.96) | 0.615 |
| c-JUN | 8.20 (6.54, 10.04) | 7.23 (5.73, 8.91) | 0.436 | 6.96 (5.48, 8.63) | 8.48 (6.78, 10.37) | 0.230 |
| c-MYC | 10.18 (6.97, 14.85) | 5.41 (3.58, 8.19) | 0.037 | 8.06 (5.01, 12.59) | 6.84 (4.37, 10.73) | 0.668 |
| SFRP1 | 6.19 (3.36, 10.57) | 1.78 (1.00, 3.18) | 0.005 | 5.49 (2.97, 10.14) | 2.01 (1.07, 3.76) | 0.053 |
| SFRP2 | 0.007 (0.004, 0.012) | 0.007 (0.004, 0.012) | 0.980 | 0.012 (0.007, 0.021) | 0.004 (0.002, 0.007) | 0.010 |
| Wnt5A | 0.13 (0.01, 0.18) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.01) | 0.267 | 0.10 (0.08, 0.14) | 0.13 (0.10, 0.18) | 0.332 |
| Wnt11 | 0.12 (0.09, 0.15) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.11) | 0.145 | 0.10 (0.08, 0.13) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.13) | 0.910 |
Values are least-squares means (95% CIs) for adjusted values (2−ΔCt × 10,000) relative to the 18S and β2M reference genes for the effect of the absence (−) or presence (+) of the specified nondigestible carbohydrate on expression of APC (n = 35), AXIN2 (n = 66), CCND1 (n = 35), CTNNB1 (n = 63), FOSL1 (n = 16), GSK3β (n = 64), c-JUN (n = 64), c-MYC (n = 37), SFRP1 (n = 39), SFRP2 (n = 49), Wnt5A (n = 63), and Wnt11 (n = 42). P values calculated by the ANOVA general linear model. APC, adenomatous polyposis coli; AXIN2, axis inhibition protein 2; CCND1, cyclin D1; c-JUN, jun proto-oncogene; c-MYC, v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog; CTNNB1, catenin β 1/β-catenin; FOSL1, fos like 1; GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3 β PD, polydextrose; RS, resistant starch; SFRP1, secreted frizzled-related protein 1; SFRP2, secreted frizzled-related protein 2; Wnt5A, Wnt family member 5a; Wnt11, Wnt family member 11.