Table 5.

Enrichment of CpGs for genome-wide association study (GWAS) phenotypes that are regarded as causally related to cigarette smoking¹

GWAS Phenotype	Enrichment p-value
Current vs. never smoking
Coronary heart disease (CHD) and Stroke	0.0028
Ischemic stroke	0.0095
CHD risk factors	1.2 × 10−12
Blood pressure / hypertension	8.1 × 10−6
Diastolic blood pressure	6.1 × 10−5
Systolic blood pressure	0.0008
Hypertension	0.0150
Lipids	2.9 × 10−5
High density lipoprotein (HDL)	0.0009
Type 2 diabetes	0.0106
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)	2.9 × 10−5
Bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis	0.0467
All pulmonary traits	2.8 × 10−6
All chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	0.0295
Moderate to severe COPD	0.0156
Pulmonary function	0.0044
Crohn’s Disease	9.5 × 10−7
Primary biliary cirrhosis	3.4 × 10−6
Inflammation bowel disease	3.5 × 10−5
Ulcerative colitis	9.8 × 10−5
All cancer	8.0 × 10−15
Lung adenocarcinoma	0.0015
Colorectal cancer	0.0014
Former vs. never smoking
CHD risk factors	7.6 × 10−5
Blood pressure / hypertension	5.8 × 10−5
Diastolic blood pressure	0.0021
Systolic blood pressure	0.0002
Hypertension	0.0023
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)	6.3 × 10−5
All pulmonary traits	0.0217
Inflammation bowel disease	5.2 × 10−6
Crohn’s Disease	0.0064
All cancer	7.8 × 10−6