Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
| Overall (n = 73) | Ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided cannulation (n = 23) | Ultrasound only-guided cannulation (n = 50) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 56.0 [46.0, 64.0] | 60.0 [53.0, 64.0] | 55.0 [42.0, 62.0] |
| Male sex | 63 (86) | 19 (83) | 44 (88) |
| Anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication use | 15 (21) | 7 (30) | 8 (16) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Vascular disease | 14 (19) | 6 (26) | 8 (16) |
| Cardiac disease | 24 (33) | 11 (48) | 13 (26) |
| Time of day (8 am to 6 pm) | 39 (53) | 10 (44) | 29 (58) |
| Prehospital variables | |||
| Witness | 59 (81) | 20 (87) | 39 (78) |
| Bystander CPR | 40 (55) | 15 (65) | 25 (50) |
| Adrenaline administration | 15 (21) | 6 (26) | 9 (18) |
| Definitive airway insertion | 3 (4.1) | 3 (13) | 0 (0.0) |
| Shock delivery | 62 (85) | 19 (83) | 43 (86) |
| ROSC during transportation | 4 (5.5) | 3 (13) | 1 (2.0) |
| Time from call to hospital arrival, min | 28.0 [23.0, 35.0] | 28.0 [23.0, 33.0] | 29.0 [24.0, 35.0] |
| Initial rhythm | |||
| Ventricular fibrillation/Ventricular tachycardia | 59 (81) | 16 (70) | 43 (86) |
| Pulseless electrical activity | 12 (16) | 5 (22) | 7 (14) |
| Asystole | 2 (2.7) | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Rhythm on hospital arrival | |||
| Ventricular fibrillation/Ventricular tachycardia | 29 (40) | 10 (44) | 19 (38) |
| Pulseless electrical activity | 24 (33) | 8 (35) | 16 (32) |
| Asystole | 20 (27) | 5 (22) | 15 (30) |
| Operator's experience, yrs | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 3.0 [1.0, 3.0] |
| Subsequent interventions | |||
| Antegrade flow cannula insertion | 68 (93) | 46 (92) | 22 (96) |
| Coronary angiography | 43 (59) | 20 (87) | 23 (46) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 24 (33) | 11 (48) | 13 (26) |
| Therapeutic hypothermia at 34° Celsius | 34 (47) | 14 (61) | 20 (40) |
| Survival at discharge | 14 (19) | 5 (22) | 9 (18) |
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC return of spontaneous circulation. Continuous variables are given as median [interquartile range, from 25th to 75th percentiles]. Categorical variables are given as count (percent)