Table 4.

Changes in outcomes and effect sizes

Outcome	Mean (95% CI)	t value	p value	Cohen’s d
∆Timed up-and-go (s)	−1.5 (−5.0, 2.9)	−0.96	0.37	−0.34
∆SPPB scorea	1.6 (0.3, 2.9)	2.98	0.02	1.12
∆Estimated 1-RMb leg press (lbs.)	97.1 (−8.1, 202.3)	2.37	0.06	0.97
∆Estimated 1-RM lat pull-down (lbs.)	11.8 (3.3, 20.2)	3.58	0.02	1.46
∆VO2max (ml/kg/min)c	8.8 (2.8, 14.8)	3.60	0.01	1.36

^aShort physical performance battery

^bRepetition maximum

^cMaximal aerobic capacity measured by modified Bruce protocol