Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| Variable | No AKI/Stage 1 AKI (n=391) |
Stage 2–3 AKI (n=102) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 3 (0.7, 10) | 5 (0.8, 12) | 0.148 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 209 (53) | 58 (57) | 0.538 |
| Weight in kg, median (IQR)a | 14 (7, 33.3) | 20 (8.7, 40) | 0.088 |
| Height in cm, median (IQR)b | 94 (64, 137) | 110 (82.1, 145) | 0.055 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.048 | ||
| White | 156 (40) | 49 (48) | |
| Black | 62 (16) | 7 (7) | |
| Asian | 49 (13) | 19 (19) | |
| Other | 98 (25) | 23 (23) | |
| Unknown | 26 (7) | 4 (4) | |
| Source of PICU admission, n (%) | 0.096 | ||
| Emergency department | 127 (32) | 20 (20) | |
| Hospital ward | 97 (25) | 35 (34) | |
| Operating room | 33 (8) | 9 (9) | |
| Other hospital | 115 (29) | 33 (32) | |
| Other | 19 (5) | 5 (5) | |
| Admission Type, n (%) | 0.640 | ||
| Medical | 313 (80) | 84 (82) | |
| Surgical | 61 (16) | 16 (16) | |
| Trauma | 17 (4) | 2 (2) | |
| Admitted after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery |
19 (5) | 7 (7) | 0.455 |
| Previously healthy, n (%) | 89 (23) | 24 (24) | 0.870 |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |||
| Respiratory | 120 (31) | 13 (13) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular | 93 (24) | 23 (23) | 0.793 |
| Gastrointestinal | 76 (19) | 13 (13) | 0.118 |
| Genetic | 74 (19) | 19 (19) | 0.945 |
| Neuromuscular | 72 (18) | 5 (5) | <0.001 |
| Hematologic/Immunologic | 60 (15) | 28 (27) | 0.004 |
| Prematurity | 52 (13) | 7 (7) | 0.074 |
| Neoplastic | 45 (12) | 23 (23) | 0.004 |
| Solid organ/hematopoietic cell transplant | 21 (5) | 20 (20) | <0.001 |
| Baseline POPC score | 0.126 | ||
| Good overall performance | 208 (53) | 60 (59) | |
| Mild overall disability | 51 (13) | 17 (17) | |
| Moderate overall disability | 59 (15) | 17 (17) | |
| Severe overall disability | 72 (18) | 8 (8) | |
| Coma or vegetative state | 1 (<1) | 0 (0) | |
| PIM3, median (IQR) | 3.6 (1.6, 6.9) | 7.2 (3.1, 16.6) | <0.001 |
| PELOD (without renal component), median (IQR) |
11 (2, 12) | 12 (4, 21) | <0.001 |
| MODS at sepsis recognition | 190 (49) | 73 (72) | <0.001 |
| Minimum systolic blood pressure, median (IQR)c |
76 (67, 87) | 70 (59, 88) | 0.014 |
| Minimum systolic blood pressure <5th percentile for age/gender, n (%) |
224 (57) | 72 (71) | 0.015 |
| Capillary refill time >5 seconds | 50 (13) | 35 (34) | <0.001 |
| Minimum ScvO2d, median (IQR)e | 68 (57, 75) | 61 (50, 73) | 0.065 |
| Maximum lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR)f | 1.6 (1.1, 3) | 2.8 (1.7, 4.8) | <0.001 |
| Minimum PF ratio (torr), median (IQR)g | 165 (97, 250) | 142 (79, 236) | 0.192 |
| Bacteremia present | 90 (23) | 32 (31) | 0.082 |
| No infectious organism identified | 138 (35) | 37 (36) | 0.854 |
a
Data present in 490 of 493 patients,
b
Data present in 356 of 493 patients,
c
Data present in 492 of 493 patients,
d
ScvO2: Central venous oxyhemoglobin saturation,
e
Data present in 181 of 493 patients,
f
Data present in 351 of 493 patients,
g
Data present in 315 of 493 patients