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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 26.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Perinatol. 2016 Jul 12;40(6):398–409. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2016.05.011

TABLE 1.

Early neurodevelopmental outcomes: Selected recent extremely preterm cohorts

NICHD NRN31 NICHD NRN 5 VICS 2005145 Japan NRN147 EPICure 2 148 EXPRESS38
Study group <25 wk EGA 22–26 wk EGA 22–27+6/7 wk EGA 22–25 wk EGA 22–26+6/7 wk EGA <27 wk EGA
Birth years 2002–2004 2006–2011 2005 2003–2005 2006 2004–2007
Age corrected
for prematurity		 18–22 months 18–22 months 2 years 36–42 months
(chronological)		 3 years 2.5 years
# (% follow-up of
eligible survivors)		 405 (93%) 2630 (92%) 163 (95%) 562 (72%) 576 (55%)† 415 (90%)
Blind 2.2% 0.4% 0 4.6%‡ 1% 0.9%
Deaf/require aids 4.3% 1.4% 2.5% Requires aids: 1.7% Aids
improve 0.2%
do not Improve: 5%		 Aids
improve: 0.2%
do not Improve: 0.7%
Developmental
impairment		 BSID-II

MDI<70: 51%
MDI<50: 19%		 BSID-III Cognitive

70–84: 16.5%

<70: 9.3%		 *DQ
None/1SD: 52%
1–2SD: 32%
2–3SD: 12%
>3SD: 4%		 *KSPD DQ

<70: 35%

<50: 11%		 *Predicted MDI

70–84: 34%

<70: 30%		 *Cognitive/language
None: 55%
Mild: 25%
Moderate: 11%
Severe: 9%
CP or motor
delay		 Moderate: 8.7%
Severe: 6.2%		 Moderate: 3.4%
Severe: 2.5%		 Any CP: 9.8% Any CP: 13.7%
Profound CP: 8.2%		 Any CP: 14%
Moderate
motor:3%
Severe motor: 5%		 Mild: 2.9% Moderate:
2.9% Severe: 1.3%
Overall disability
or impairment		 Any NDI: 58.5%
Profound NDI:17.5%
None/ minimal:
21.9%		 Moderate NDI:
23.5%
Severe NDI:
13.6%		 None: 51%
Mild: 29%
Moderate: 16%
Severe: 4%		 §Any: 42.4%

§Profound: 22.6%		 None/mild: 75%
Moderate: 12%
Severe: 13%		 None: 42%
Mild: 31%
Moderate: 16%
Severe: 11%
*

For VICS: DQ = developmental quotient compared with a contemporaneous NBW control group; for EPICure 2: Predicted MDI (Mental Developmental Index) BSID 2nd Edition from BSID-III; for EXPRESS: aggregated BSID-III cognitive and language score information, with mean and SD relative to a contemporaneous 37–41 week GA control group; for Japan NRN: formal evaluation by the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) was available for only 318.

†

Face to face study examiner evaluations occurred in 55.3%. Multiple imputation from complete perinatal, neonatal, and sociodemographic information estimated outcomes for the entire cohort.

‡

Defined as no functional vision in one or both eyes

§

Includes 173 with informal assessments of developmental delay by pediatricians, without formal developmental testing