Table 1. Condensed tannin (CT) contents, mean degrees of polymerisation (mDP), average molecular weights (amw), procyanidin/prodelphinidin (PC/PD) and cis-/trans-flavan-3-ol ratios, molar percentages of galloylation and A-type linkages in fractions isolated from various plant materials.
Note: Results from a few of these fractions were reported previously [4–9, 39] and are included here for clarity purposes.
| CT fraction | CT (g/100 g) | mDP | amw (Da) b | PC ∕ PD | cis ∕ trans | % galloylation | ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great water dock root F1 a | 31.9 (±0.6) | 3.0 (±0.1) | 1028 | 100.0 | ∕ | 0.0 (±0.1) | 85.3 | ∕ | 14.7 (±0.1) | 34.6 (±0.1) | |
| Great water dock root F2 | 63.7 (±1.7) | 5.1 (±0.1) | 1906 | 88.6 | ∕ | 11.4 (±0.1) | 95.6 | ∕ | 4.4 (±0.1) | 54.3 (±0.1) | [39] |
| Great water dock root F3 | 48.9 (±2.1) | 14.4 (±0.0) | 4989 | 66.9 | ∕ | 33.1 (±0.1) | 94.7 | ∕ | 5.3 (±0.0) | 34.0 (±0.0) | |
| Hazelnut pericarp F1 a | 64.5 (±2.3) | 4.7 (±0.0) | 1366 | 91.2 | ∕ | 8.8 (±0.0) | 39.8 | ∕ | 60.2 (±0.1) | 1.6 (±0.0) | |
| Hazelnut pericarp F2 | 68.6 (±5.0) | 10.5 (±0.1) | 3102 | 88.0 | ∕ | 12.0 (±0.1) | 54.2 | ∕ | 45.8 (±0.1) | 3.7 (±0.1) | |
| Shea meal F2 | 44.9 (±0.8) | 4.1 (±0.1) | 1519 | 27.5 | ∕ | 72.5 (±0.1) | 59.8 | ∕ | 40.2 (±0.1) | 46.1 (±0.2) | [4, 5] |
| % A-type bond | |||||||||||
| Bilberry leave F2 | 63.2 (±2.7) | 9.5 (±0.0) | 2732 | 97.3 | ∕ | 2.7 (±0.0) | 96.6 | ∕ | 3.4 (±0.0) | 5.7 (±0.0) | |
| Blackthorn flower F2 | 33.0 (±5.8) | 4.1 (±0.1) | 1176 | 100.0 | ∕ | 0.0 (±0.1) | 72.8 | ∕ | 27.2 (±0.1) | 21.3 (±0.1) | |
| Cinnamon bark F2 | 55.0 (±0.9) | 7.0 (±0.1) | 2019 | 100.0 | ∕ | 0.0 (±0.0) | 85.9 | ∕ | 14.1 (±0.1) | 18.0 (±0.1) | [9] |
| Cowberry leaf F2 | 68.1 (±2.7) | 8.7 (±0.0) | 2495 | 100.0 | ∕ | 0.0 (±0.0) | 72.1 | ∕ | 27.9 (±0.0) | 17.2 (±0.0) | |
| Heather flower F2 | 67.2 (±1.7) | 8.2 (±0.0) | 2372 | 89.3 | ∕ | 10.7 (±0.0) | 88.0 | ∕ | 12.0 (±0.0) | 7.9 (±0.0) | |
| Heather flowerF3 | 54.6 (±1.3) | 25.5 (±0.0) | 7403 | 88.1 | ∕ | 11.9 (±0.0) | 95.1 | ∕ | 4.9 (±0.0) | 1.3 (±0.0) | |
| Birch leaf F2 | 63.6 (±2.5) | 8.3 (±0.1) | 2464 | 41.1 | ∕ | 58.9 (±0.1) | 70.7 | ∕ | 29.3 (±0.1) | nd | [5, 8, 39] |
| Birch leaf F3 | 53.2 (±1.8) | 17.7 (±0.1) | 5289 | 37.8 | ∕ | 62.2 (±0.0) | 80.3 | ∕ | 19.7 (±0.0) | nd | |
| Blackcurrant leaf (no. 1) F2 | 77.1 (±3.9) | 11.8 (±0.1) | 3591 | 4.7 | ∕ | 95.3 (±0.0) | 18.8 | ∕ | 81.2 (±0.1) | nd | [5, 6, 8, 39] |
| Blackcurrant leaf (no. 2) F2 | 86.6 (±2.7) | 7.8 (±0.2) | 2364 | 5.1 | ∕ | 94.9 (±0.0) | 12.0 | ∕ | 88.0 (±0.1) | nd | [39] |
| Blackcurrant leaf (no. 2) F3 | 69.9 (±0.9) | 16.6 (±0.1) | 5025 | 5.6 | ∕ | 94.4 (±0.1) | 19.8 | ∕ | 80.2 (±0.1) | nd | [39] |
| Cider apple beverage F2 | 35.9 (±2.7) | 7.5 (±0.1) | 2218 | 61.0 | ∕ | 39.0 (±0.1) | 87.6 | ∕ | 12.4 (±0.1) | nd | |
| Cider apple powder F2 | 37.4 (±1.1) | 6.8 (±0.0) | 1954 | 100.0 | ∕ | 0.0 (±0.0) | 96.3 | ∕ | 3.7 (±0.0) | nd | |
| Cocoa bean F2 | 75.5 (±2.9) | 5.4 (±0.1) | 1567 | 100.0 | ∕ | 0.0 (±0.0) | 96.3 | ∕ | 3.7 (±0.1) | nd | [5, 7, 39] |
| Hawthorn flower F2 | 48.8 (±1.6) | 10.7 (±0.0) | 3087 | 100.0 | ∕ | 0.0 (±0.0) | 98.5 | ∕ | 1.5 (±0.0) | nd | |
| Hop strobile F2 | 66.6 (±1.7) | 10.6 (±0.0) | 3106 | 75.0 | ∕ | 25.0 (±0.0) | 75.5 | ∕ | 24.5 (±0.2) | nd | |
| Lespedeza pellet F3 | 69.7 (±1.7) | 25.0 (±0.3) | 7580 | 5.6 | ∕ | 94.4 (±0.0) | 80.8 | ∕ | 19.2 (±0.1) | nd | |
| Pine bud F2 | 93.7 (±2.5) | 10.5 (±0.1) | 3146 | 36.2 | ∕ | 63.8 (±0.1) | 70.7 | ∕ | 29.3 (±0.1) | nd | |
| Pine bud F3 | 72.7 (±4.9) | 17.6 (±0.1) | 5240 | 44.2 | ∕ | 55.8 (±0.1) | 83.8 | ∕ | 16.2 (±0.1) | nd | |
| Redcurrant leaf F2 | 91.5 (±4.2) | 11.0 (±0.1) | 3350 | 7.5 | ∕ | 92.5 (±0.0) | 65.3 | ∕ | 34.7 (±0.1) | nd | [39] |
| Sainfoin aerial part F2 | 82.6 (±2.0) | 12.5 (±0.1) | 3733 | 31.7 | ∕ | 68.3 (±0.1) | 82.6 | ∕ | 17.4 (±0.1) | nd | [39] |
| Tilia flower F2 | 91.7 (±3.8) | 7.9 (±0.1) | 2270 | 99.1 | ∕ | 0.9 (±0.1) | 95.6 | ∕ | 4.4 (±0.1) | nd | [5, 6, 8, 39] |
| Tilia flower F3 | 58.1 (±7.0) | 20.9 (±0.2) | 6043 | 98.6 | ∕ | 1.4 (±0.2) | 99.0 | ∕ | 1.0 (±0.2) | nd | |
| Walnut leaf F2 | 69.0 (±1.7) | 12.3 (±0.1) | 3617 | 69.1 | ∕ | 30.9 (±0.0) | 76.3 | ∕ | 23.7 (±0.0) | nd | [5, 8] |
| Walnut leaf F3 | 64.6 (±6.5) | 18.8 (±0.1) | 5594 | 43.4 | ∕ | 56.6 (±0.1) | 76.8 | ∕ | 23.2 (±0.1) | nd | |
| White clover flower F2 | 82.4 (±2.0) | 12.7 (±0.0) | 3875 | 1.2 | ∕ | 98.8 (±0.0) | 61.8 | ∕ | 38.2 (±0.0) | nd | [5, 6, 8, 39] |
| Willow bark F2 | 83.3 (±0.6) | 9.9 (±0.0) | 2865 | 94.0 | ∕ | 6.0 (±0.0) | 78.1 | ∕ | 21.9 (±0.0) | nd | [5, 8] |
| Willow bark F3 | 67.4 (±0.7) | 15.0 (±0.1) | 4352 | 95.1 | ∕ | 4.9 (±0.1) | 83.9 | ∕ | 16.1 (±0.1) | nd | |
| Yellow iris leaf F2 | 85.1 (±2.8) | 9.2 (±0.1) | 2703 | 69.8 | ∕ | 30.2 (±0.1) | 63.3 | ∕ | 36.7 (±0.1) | nd | [39] |
a data were corrected for free flavan-3-ols.
b data were not reported previously; nd not detected; CT content has been reported [6] (calculated with mass response factor); standard deviation in parentheses.