Figure 4. DnaK-dependent adaptive growth in complex mixture of carbon sources known to be present in intestinal environment.

(A) Carbon sources consumption by MG1655 wild type (left panel), ΔdnaKJ (middle panel) and rpoH^(I54N) (right panel) in a chemically defined medium supplemented with 13 carbon nutrients (0.5 g/l each). Carbon sources in culture supernatants were quantified by ¹H 1D-NMR. (B) The period of time where consumption of the indicated sugar began and was completed, are depicted by horizontal bars, green for the E. coli K-12 MG1655 wild type, red for ΔdnaKJ mutant and blue for rpoH^(I54N)mutant. Abbreviations: gluconate (Gnt), N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), galactose (Gal), N-acetyl-neuraminate (NANA), ribose (Rib), arabinose (Ara), mannose (Man), glucuronate (GlcU), galacturonate (GalU), glucosamine (GlcN), maltose (Malt), fucose (Fuc), and acetate (Ac). acetate (C) and orotate (D) concentrations in culture supernatant during growth in the complex mixture of carbon sources and % of extracellular accumulation (mol of by-products formed/mol of carbon sources consumed) relative to those measured for the wild type (left insets).