Table 1. Baseline characteristics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients with treatment success (n = 295).
| Patients n | MDR-TB recurrence n (%) | Univariate HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 295 | 10 (3) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 228 | 9 (4) | 2.8 (0.3–22) | 0.33 |
| Female | 67 | 1 (1) | Reference | |
| Age groups (years) | ||||
| >60 | 66 | 2 (3) | 0.6 (0.1–3.1) | 0.52 |
| 35–60 | 163 | 4 (3) | 0.4 (0.1–1.7) | 0.23 |
| <35 | 66 | 4 (6) | Reference | |
| Aboriginal | ||||
| Yes | 61 | 0 (0) | — | — |
| No | 234 | 10 (4) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| <18.5 | 56 | 1 (2) | 0.9 (0.1–13) | 0.91 |
| 18.5–25 | 195 | 8 (4) | 1.9 (0.2–15) | 0.56 |
| ≥25 | 44 | 1 (2) | Reference | |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Yes | 92 | 5 (5) | 2.2 (0.6–7.6) | 0.21 |
| No | 203 | 5 (3) | Reference | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 51 | 1 (2) | 0.6 (0.1–4.2) | 0.55 |
| No | 244 | 9 (4) | Reference | |
| Hepatitis B | ||||
| Yes | 23 | 0 (0) | — | — |
| No | 272 | 10 (4) | ||
| Hepatitis C | ||||
| Yes | 25 | 1 (4) | 1.3 (0.2–10) | 0.82 |
| No | 270 | 9 (3) | Reference | |
| HIV infected (n = 191) | ||||
| Yes | 4 | 0 (0) | — | — |
| No | 187 | 7 (4) | ||
| Patient classification | ||||
| Treatment after failure of previous treatment | 75 | 2 (3) | 1.5 (0.2–10) | 0.70 |
| Treatment after loss to follow-up | 17 | 1 (6) | 3.5 (0.3–39) | 0.30 |
| Relapse | 92 | 5 (6) | 3.1 (0.6–16) | 0.18 |
| New | 111 | 2 (2) | Reference | |
| Cavitation on initial CXR | ||||
| Yes | 124 | 8 (7) | 5.5 (1.2–26) | 0.03 |
| No | 171 | 2 (1) | Reference | |
| Sputum smear positivity at time of diagnosis | ||||
| Yes | 174 | 6 (3) | 1.0 (0.3–3.7) | 0.96 |
| No | 121 | 4 (3) | Reference | |
| Second-line DST (n = 215) | ||||
| XDR | 15 | 1 (7) | 2.6 (0.3–23) | 0.39 |
| Pre-XDR | 43 | 3 (7) | 2.7 (0.6–12) | 0.19 |
| MDR only | 157 | 4 (3) | Reference | |
| Treatment delay a | ||||
| Yes | 77 | 4 (5) | 1.9 (0.5–6.6) | 0.34 |
| No | 218 | 6 (3) | Reference | |
| Culture conversion before initiating SLD | ||||
| Yes | 73 | 3 (4) | 1.3 (0.3–4.9) | 0.73 |
| No | 222 | 7 (3) | Reference | |
| Time from initiating SLD to culture conversion | ||||
| ≥2 months | 117 | 3 (3) | 0.6 (0.2–2.5) | 0.52 |
| <2 months | 178 | 7 (4) | Reference | |
| Treatment outcome | ||||
| Completed | 46 | 3 (7) | 2.4 (0.6–9.2) | 0.21 |
| Cured | 249 | 7 (3) | Reference |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CXR, chest radiography; DST, drug susceptibility test; HR, hazard ratio; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin); MDR only, MDR-TB but susceptible fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs; pre-XDR, MDR-TB plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone or any second-line injectable drug; SLD, second-line drugs (include fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs); XDR, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone and any second-line injectable drug).
a The lag between sputum collection of MDR-TB and start of second-line drugs >120 days.