Figure 1.

Regulation of TF binding by promoter-associated ncRNAs in fission yeast. (A) Schematic diagram of the fbp1⁺ locus. Each number represents a location relative to the start site of the fbp1⁺ open reading frame. UAS1 and UAS2 are cis-acting elements involved in transcriptional activation of fbp1⁺.¹⁶ (B) Models for how promoter-associated ncRNAs (including mlonRNAs) enhance Atf1 binding. (i) Groucho/Tup1-like corepressors Tup11 and Tup12 (represented by “Tup” in the figure for simplification) repress Atf1-DNA association, and this inhibition is locally attenuated by ncRNAs transcribed near Atf1-binding sites. (ii) ncRNAs can also facilitate Atf1 binding independently of Tup11/12.