Table 6.

Regression models predicting long-term, follow-up neurocognitive performance outcomes.

	Long-term, follow-up composite scores
	Language		Verbal working memory		Fluency speed
	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Block 1: Demographic and hearing history
Early communication mode	.37*	.17			.33*	.16
Age at implantation					.54**	.16
Gender					.33*	.15
R 2	0.13*				0.35**
Block 2
CDI words produced	.65***	.14	.55**	.15	.46**	.15
Early communication mode	.14	.14			.12	.16
Age at implantation					.37*	.16
Gender					.32*	.14
R 2	0.51***		0.31**		0.51***

Note. N = 32 for all composite scores. The standardized regression coefficient (β) and standard error (SE) of β are provided. Composite measures include language = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–4 and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–4, core language; verbal working memory = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition (WISC-III) subtests: Digit Span Forward and Digit Span Backward. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition, Integrated (WISC-IV-I), subtest: Visual Digit Span; fluency speed = WISC-IV-I subsets: Coding and Coding Copy. Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities–Third Edition (WJ-III) subtest: Pair Cancellation. Only demographic and hearing-history variables significant at the p < .05 level are displayed in this table. CDI = MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories.

^* p < .05.

^** p < .01.

^*** p < .001.