Table 1.

Demographics of tracheoesophageal speakers.

Characteristic	No. (%)	M (SD)	Range
Sex
Male	21 (87.50)
Female	3 (12.50)
Ethnicity
White	22 (91.66)
American Indian/Alaskan Native	1 (4.17)
Other	1 (4.17)
Age (years)		63.75 (10.06)	39–86
Living situation
Alone	5 (21)
With family	19 (79)
Education
High school graduate	5 (21)
Some college	11 (46)
College graduate	6 (25)
Postgraduate	1 (4)
Not reported	1 (4)
Time since total laryngectomy (years)		6.91 (5.56)	1–18
Cancer treatment
Surgery alone	2 (8)
Surgery + radiation	16 (67)
Surgery + radio(chemo)therapy	5 (21)
Not reported	1 (4)