Table 3.

Outcomes by 18 to 22 months’ corrected age for eligible multiples by exposure to ANS

Outcome	ANS (n=3588)	No ANS (n=575)	No. missing
Death by follow-up
No. (%)	1076/3586 (30%)	312 (54%)	2
RR (95% CI)
Unadjusted	0.57 (0.51–0.63)		2
Adjusted^a	0.71 (0.60–0.84)^c		870
NDI or death
No. (%)	1723/3210 (54%)	392/522 (75%)	431
aRR (95% CI)^a	0.93 (0.84–1.03)		1209
Among survivors	N=2510	N=263
NDI
No. (%)	647/2134 (30%)	80/210 (38%)	429
aRR (95% CI)^a	0.97 (0.79–1.19)^c		521
MDI <70
No. (%)	419/1202 (35%)	56/128 (44%)	1443
aRR (95% CI)^a	0.95 (0.76–1.20)		1481
PDI <70
No. (%)	277/1180 (23%)	40/127 (32%)	1466
aRR (95% CI)^a	0.76 (0.57–1.02)		1505
Bayley III cognitive score <70
No. (%)	79/953 (8%)	9/83 (11%)	1737
aRR (95% CI)^a	1.14 (0.52–2.51)^c		1789
Moderate to severe cerebral palsy
No. (%)	155/2241 (7%)	21/231 (9%)	301
aRR (95% CI)^a	0.98 (0.59–1.64)^c		400
Blindness^b
No. (%)	29/2248 (1%)	2/230 (1%)	295
aRR (95% CI)^a	Model did not converge
Deafness^b
No. (%)	59/2245 (3%)	7/229 (3%)	299
aRR (95% CI)^a	0.69 (0.31–1.53)^c		398

Abbreviations: ANS, antenatal corticosteroids; aRR, adjusted relative risk; MDI, mental development index; NDI, neurodevelopmental impairment; PDI, psychomotor development index; RR, relative risk.

Generalized estimation equation models adjusted for center, year of birth, maternal age (≤19 vs. ≥20 years), sex, race/ethnicity (black, white, or other), marital status, diabetes, hypertension, rupture of membrane more than 24 hours, gestational age, small for gestational age, and maternal education. Model for NDI or death and model for NDI also adjust for epoch.

From 1998 to 2005, blindness was defined as no functional vision (both eyes); deafness was defined as hearing impairment with aids in both ears. From 2006 to 2013, blindness was defined as no/some functional vision (both eyes); deafness was defined as hearing impairment (regardless of amplification).

Not adjusted for center; model did not converge with center included.