Figure 4. Hepatic glucose fluxes in humans.

The rates of GNG, GP flux, glycogen cycling (cycling), and GLYnet were analyzed using in vivo ¹³C/³¹P/¹H and ex vivo ²H MRS combined with ²H₂O ingestion, after either VCL (white bars) or PO (black bars) treatment, in lean, insulin-sensitive, male volunteers. Data represent the mean ± SEM. n = 14; GP and cycling n = 9. *P < 0.05 and ^#P = 0.085, by 2-tailed t test.