Table 4.
Factors associated with severe liver disease
| Total patients | N with fibrosis >F2 | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Specific p-value | Indicator p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | <0.01 | ||||
| ≤30 | 14 | 2 (14.3%) | 0.5 (0.1-2.7) | 0.45 | |
| 31-40 | 230 | 69 (30.0%) | 1.0 | ||
| 41-50 | 107 | 59 (55.1%) | 2.3 (1.2-4.2) | 0.01 | |
| >50 | 28 | 23 (82.1%) | 9.4 (2.7-32.8) | <0.01 | |
| Current IDU or OST | |||||
| No | 344 | 143 (41.6%) | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 35 | 10 (28.6%) | 0.1 (0.0-0.3) | <0.01 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.01 | ||||
| <18.5 | 64 | 25 (39.1%) | 1.0 | ||
| 18.5-24.9 | 262 | 98 (37.4%) | 1.4 (0.7-2.9) | 0.32 | |
| ≥25 | 53 | 30 (56.6%) | 3.6 (1.4-9.2) | 0.01 | |
| HIV-1 RNA (copies/ml) | |||||
| <400 | 172 | 73 (42.4%) | 1.0 | ||
| ≥400 | 10 | 7 (70.0%) | 6.6 (1.0-44.2) | 0.05 | |
| HCV RNA - every log10 IU/ml increase | 379 | 153 (40.4%) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 0.08 | |
| HCV GT | 0.68 | ||||
| GT1 | 222 | 82 (36.9%) | 1.0 | ||
| GT3 | 97 | 49 (50.5%) | 0.7 (0.3-1.5) | 0.40 | |
| Other GT | 60 | 22 (36.7%) | 0.9 (0.5-1.7) | 0.72 | |
| IL28B – rs12979860 | |||||
| CC | 189 | 103 (54.5%) | 1.0 | ||
| CT | 33 | 12 (36.4%) | 0.3 (0.1-0.6) | <0.01 | |
| IL28B – rs8099917 | |||||
| TT | 199 | 105 (52.8%) | 1.0 | ||
| TG | 23 | 10 (43.5%) | 2.7 (0.6-12.4) | 0.21 | |
| Study site | <0.01 | ||||
| Jakarta | 137 | 36 (26.3%) | 1.0 | ||
| Hanoi | 93 | 26 (28.0%) | 1.4 (0.6-3.1) | 0.40 | |
| Bangkok | 125 | 80 (64.0%) | 7.2 (3.2-15.8) | <0.01 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | 24 | 11 (45.8%) | 5.2 (1.1-24.1) | 0.04 |
Sex, HCV exposure, past alcohol use, current alcohol use, WHO stage, ART, CD4 count and liver transaminase (AST) above upper normal limit were not associated with having severe liver disease. HBs Ag was not included in the model as too few patients (N=10) had a positive test result.
Severe liver disease = severe fibrosis or cirrhosis.
OR: odds ratio. IDU: injecting drug use. OST: opioid substitution therapy. GT: genotype