Table 3. Routes, Cost, Sources, Motives and Experience with IUPS by Gender (N = 257 students).

	Gender		χ² p-value
Route - Student indicated “Yes” to the following routes:	Males	Females
Mouth	N=90 (88.24%)	N=100 (86.96%)	0.776
Nose	N=25 (30.12%)	N=27 (27.00%)	0.641
Veins	N=1 (1.27%)	N=4 (4.12%)	0.256
Smoke-	N=27 (33.33%)	N=40 (29.60%)	0.383
Other	N=1 (1.72%)	N=3 (4.92%)	0.334
Cost-Student indicated “Yes” to the following costs:
No Charge	N=60 (70.59%)	N=83 (80.58%)	0.110
$1-$5	N=44 (52.38%)	N=45 (48.39%)	0.596
$6-$10	N=35 (43.75%)	N=31 (35.63%)	0.284
More than $10	N=13 (18.06%)	N=16 (19.51%)	0.818
Source-Student indicated “Yes” to the following sources:
Myself	N=13 (15.66%)	N=14 (15.73%)	0.990
Friend	N=88 (90.72%)	N=98 (89.09%)	0.698
Family	N=14 (17.50%)	N=16 (18.18%)	0.908
Acquaintance	N=47 (54.65%)	N=50 (52.63%)	0.786
Internet	N=3 (3.80%)	N=3 (3.41%)	0.893
Other	N=0 (0.00%)	N=2 (3.23%)	0.138
Motives-Student indicated “Yes” to the following motives:
To Improve Focus	N=69 (71.88%)	N=77 (70.64%)	0.846
To Make Studying More Enjoyable	N=46 (52.87%)	N=41 (41.00%)	0.104
To Stay Awake	N=54 (59.34%)	N=65 (63.73%)	0.532
To Improve Concentration	N=67 (72.83%)	N=74 (71.15%)	0.795
To Lose Weight	N=3 (3.57%)	N=14 (15.05%)	0.010^*
To Party Longer	N=29 (33.72%)	N=31 (31.63%)	0.763
To Experiment	N=51 (57.95%)	N=61 (60.40%)	0.733
Other	N=4 (6.78%)	N=8 (15.69%)	0.135
Experience: Frequency of IUPS Desired Outcomes
Not Applicable^*^	N=7 (33.33%)	N=14 (66.67%)	0.192
None of the time	N=6 (31.58%)	N=13 (68.42%)
A little of the time	N=19 (48.72%)	N=20 (51.28%)
Some of the time	N=11 (32.35%)	N=23 (67.65%)
Most of the time	N=41 (53.95%)	N=35 (46.05%)
All of the time	N=20 (55.56%)	N=16 (44.44%)

Refers to p-values significant at p<0.05

^**

Represents students who are lifetime misusers, but marked Not Applicable to this item