Table 2.

Ethogram used during instantaneous scan sampling observations adapted from Pluske and Williams [20] and Bolhuis et al. [21]

Behaviour	Description
Sleeping behaviour	Lying on the side or belly with eyes closed, not performing any other described behaviour
Lying/sitting behaviour	Lying on the side or belly with eyes open or passive sitting, not performing any other described behaviour
Standing behaviour	Standing without performing any other described behaviour
Aggressive behaviour	Head knocking, biting or fighting with another pen or littermate
Exploring/play behaviour	Standing up and investigating the surroundings such as nosing the floor, scrapping the floor with one of the forelegs, nosing or nibbling on fixtures. Running across the pen and pivoting with or without the gentle nudging of a pen or littermate
Manipulative behaviour	Belly nosing Mounting Oral manipulation of other pen or littermates Laying down and biting the metal frame work of the weaner pens (after weaning only)
Ingestive-related behaviour	Eating (chewing feed) Drinking from water nipple Eliminating (defecating or urinating)
Sow directed behaviour	Suckling or massaging the sow Manipulation of the sow during the pre-weaning period