Demographic, service, and administrative characteristics |
Gender |
Female |
0.32 (0.30–0.36) |
<0.0001 |
0.33 (0.31–0.37) |
<0.0001 |
Male |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Age group |
17–24 years |
0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
0.0305 |
0.93 (0.84–1.01) |
0.0215 |
25–29 years |
1.02 (0.94–1.11) |
|
1.01 (0.93–1.10) |
|
30+ years |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Race/ethnicity |
Black, non-Hispanic |
0.54 (0.49–0.60) |
<0.0001 |
0.55 (0.50–0.61) |
<0.0001 |
Hispanic |
0.76 (0.69–0.83) |
|
0.77 (0.70–0.84) |
|
Other |
0.76 (0.68–0.84) |
|
0.77 (0.70–0.86) |
|
White, non-Hispanic |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Education |
< High school completion/diploma |
0.59 (0.30–1.14) |
<0.0001 |
0.83 (0.42–1.65) |
<0.0001 |
High school graduate/GED |
0.83 (0.77–0.88) |
|
0.83 (0.78–0.90) |
|
Advanced degree |
1.32 (1.12–1.56) |
|
1.30 (1.10–1.54) |
|
Bachelor's degree |
1.22 (1.10–1.35) |
|
1.20 (1.08–1.32) |
|
Some college |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Income |
< $50,000 |
0.88 (0.79–0.98) |
<0.0001 |
0.91 (0.82–1.02) |
0.0411 |
$50,000–$74,999 |
0.96 (0.86–1.07) |
|
0.97 (0.87–1.08) |
|
Missing |
1.24 (1.03–1.50) |
|
1.20 (0.93–1.55) |
|
$75,000+ |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Number of dependent children |
Three or more |
0.99 (0.90–1.10) |
0.0121 |
1.01 (0.91–1.12) |
0.0043 |
Two |
1.10 (1.02–1.19) |
|
1.12 (1.03–1.21) |
|
One |
1.09 (1.02–1.17) |
|
1.11 (1.03–1.18) |
|
None |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Component |
Reserve/National Guard |
1.04 (0.97–1.12) |
0.2587 |
1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
0.3963 |
Active duty |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Service branch |
Air Force |
0.98 (0.90–1.06) |
0.0104 |
0.92 (0.84–1.00) |
0.0008 |
Marine Corps |
1.05 (0.97–1.14) |
|
1.05 (0.97–1.14) |
|
Navy/Coast Guard |
1.13 (1.04–1.23) |
|
1.11 (1.02–1.21) |
|
Army |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Paygrade |
Officer |
1.38 (1.20–1.57) |
<0.0001 |
1.35 (1.18–1.54) |
<0.0001 |
Enlisted |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Deployment/combat |
Deployed, in combat |
1.05 (0.98–1.14) |
0.5210 |
1.09 (1.01–1.18) |
0.1490 |
Deployed, no combat |
1.07 (0.96–1.19) |
|
1.07 (0.96–1.19) |
|
Deployed, unknown combat |
0.97 (0.76–1.24) |
|
0.93 (0.71–1.22) |
|
Not deployed |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
P4 interview completion |
Partial |
0.61 (0.48–0.77) |
<0.0001 |
0.64 (0.42–0.96) |
0.0296 |
Complete |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
P4 respondent referred spouse |
Yes |
6.41 (6.04–6.79) |
<0.0001 |
6.53 (6.16–6.93) |
<0.0001 |
No |
Reference |
|
Reference |
|
Health behaviours |
Average hours of sleep/day |
<6 h |
|
|
0.84 (0.77–0.93) |
<0.0001 |
6 h |
|
|
0.91 (0.83–1.00) |
|
7 h |
|
|
1.08 (0.99–1.18) |
|
>8 h |
|
|
1.10 (0.94–1.28) |
|
Missing |
|
|
0.92 (0.69–1.23) |
|
8 h |
|
|
Reference |
|
Description of usual activities |
Heavy work |
|
|
1.12 (1.00–1.24) |
0.0066 |
Light loads, or climb often |
|
|
1.04 (0.96–1.13) |
|
Stand/walk a lot, little lifting |
|
|
0.95 (0.88–1.02) |
|
Missing |
|
|
1.11 (0.82–1.50) |
|
Sit during day, walk little |
|
|
Reference |
|
Body mass index |
30.0+ |
|
|
0.98 (0.90–1.07) |
0.0120 |
25.0–29.9 |
|
|
0.97 (0.91–1.04) |
|
Missing |
|
|
0.57 (0.41–0.80) |
|
< 25.0 |
|
|
Reference |
|
Days work missed due to illness or injury |
16+ days |
|
|
1.19 (1.08–1.31) |
0.0124 |
6–15 days |
|
|
1.01 (0.91–1.13) |
|
1–5 days |
|
|
1.03 (0.96–1.10) |
|
Missing |
|
|
1.07 (0.86–1.32) |
|
None |
|
|
Reference |
|
Mental health |
VR-36 mental component |
Highest 15% |
|
|
0.97 (0.90–1.06) |
0.0405 |
Lowest 15% |
|
|
0.99 (0.90–1.09) |
|
Missing |
|
|
1.41 (1.10–1.81) |
|
Middle 70% |
|
|
Reference |
|
Stress and relationship issues |
Stress: no one to turn to |
Bothered a lot |
|
|
0.92 (0.80–1.05) |
0.0085 |
Bothered a little |
|
|
0.89 (0.81–0.97) |
|
Missing |
|
|
0.65 (0.45–0.95) |
|
Not bothered |
|
|
Reference |
|
Stress: financial |
Bothered a lot |
|
|
0.81 (0.73–0.89) |
0.0007 |
Bothered a little |
|
|
0.95 (0.89–1.01) |
|
Missing |
|
|
0.88 (0.57–1.36) |
|
Not bothered |
|
|
Reference |
|
Attitude towards military |
Negative/somewhat negative |
|
|
0.92 (0.85–1.00) |
0.0007 |
Neither negative or positive |
|
|
0.85 (0.78–0.92) |
|
Missing |
|
|
1.07 (0.79–1.43) |
|
Positive/somewhat positive |
|
|
Reference |
|
Stressful events since 2008 |
3 or more |
|
|
1.06 (0.97–1.17) |
0.0347 |
1 or 2 |
|
|
1.09 (1.03–1.16) |
|
Missing |
|
|
0.84 (0.54–1.32) |
|
None |
|
|
Reference |
|