Table 2.
Potential risk/indicator factors for animal level brucellosis seropositivity on the basis of univariate analysis
| Factors | Levels | Animals examined | Animals positive cattle/buffaloes (total % and 95% CI) | True prevalence (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body condition | Healthy | 2152 | 64/63 (5.9: 4.9–7.0) | 9.3 (7.7–10.9) | 0.443 |
| Medium | 323 | 15/11 (8.0: 5.3–11.6) | 12.7 (8.0–17.4) | ||
| Weak | 234 | 8/9 (7.3: 4.3–11.4) | 11.4 (6.2–16.7) | ||
| Sex | Female | 2659 | 81/77 (5.9: 5.1–6.9) | 9.4 (7.9–10.8) | <0.001 |
| Male | 50 | 6/6 (24.0: 13.1–38.2) | 37.8 (19.2–56.5) | ||
| Urbanicity | Rural | 1424 | 46/36 (5.8: 4.6–7.1) | 9.1 (7.2–11.0) | 0.9624 |
| Urban | 1285 | 41/47 (6.8: 5.5–8.4) | 10.8 (8.6–13.0) | ||
| Age | Young | 165 | 3/4 (4.2: 1.7–8.5) | 6.7 (1.8–11.5) | 0.129 |
| Adult | 2544 | 84/79 (6.4: 5.5–7.4) | 10.1 (8.6–11.6) | ||
| Animal species | Cattle | 1247 | 87 (6.9: 5.6–8.5) | 11.0 (8.8–13.2) | 0.036 |
| Buffaloes | 1462 | 83 (5.7: 4.5–7.0) | 8.9 (7.1–10.8) | ||
| Stock replacement | Self-reared | 633 | 27/21 (7.6: 5.6–9.9) | 11.9 (8.7–15.2) | 0.012 |
| Purchased | 2076 | 60/62 (5.9: 4.9–7.0) | 9.3 (7.7–10.9) | ||
| District/territory | ICT | 594 | 38/23 (10.3: 7.9–13.0) | 16.2 (12.3–20.0) | 0.164 |
| Rawalpindi | 1052 | 23/25 (4.6: 3.4–6.0) | 7.2 (5.2–9.2) | ||
| Attock | 1063 | 26/35 (5.7: 4.4–7.3) | 9.0 (6.8–11.2) | ||
| Sampling sites | Ahmadal | 251 | 8/13 (8.4: 5.3–12.5) | 13.2 (7.7–18.6) | |
| Attock | 373 | 11/7 (4.8: 2.9–7.5) | 7.6 (4.2–11.0) | ||
| Chak Shahzad | 260 | 28/11 (15.0: 10.9–19.9) | 23.6 (16.8–30.5) | ||
| Chountra | 344 | 7/12 (5.5: 3.4–8.5) | 8.6 (4.9–12.5) | ||
| Kahuta | 309 | 7/5 (3.9: 2.0–6.7) | 6.1 (2.7–9.5) | ||
| Kallar | 399 | 9/8 (4.3: 2.5–6.7) | 6.7 (3.5–9.8) | ||
| Kherimurat | 439 | 7/15 (5.0: 3.2–7.5) | 7.9 (4.7–11.1) | ||
| Rawat | 334 | 10/12 (6.6: 4.2–9.8) | 10.4 (6.2–14.6) |