Table 5.
Predictors of complications, NSQIP 2005–2013.
| Characteristic | No complication (%) |
Complication (%) |
Univariate odds ratio (95% CI) or t-test p-value |
Multivariate odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.1 ± 13.3 | 39.3 ± 16.0 | p = 0.253 | |
| Height (inches) | 67.1 ± 3.9 | 65.1 ± 4.1 | p = 0.041 | n/s |
| Weight (lbs.) | 180.7 ± 46.1 | 178.5 ± 47.0 | p = 0.841 | |
| BMI | 28.2 ± 7.1 | 29.8 ± 8.5 | p = 0.417 | |
| ASA | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | p = 0.692 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 78 (50.0) | 14 (66.7) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Male | 78 (50.0) | 7 (33.3) | 0.50 (0.19, 1.31) | |
| Hispanic Ethnicity | ||||
| No | 140 (89.7) | 16 (76.2) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Yes | 10 (6.4) | 3 (14.3) | 2.63 (0.65, 10.54) | |
| Unknown | 6 (3.8) | 2 (9.5) | 2.92 (0.54, 15.68) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 133 (85.3) | 14 (66.7) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Black or African American | 9 (5.8) | 1 (4.8) | 1.06 (0.12, 8.96) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 (1.3) | 0 | n/a | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1 (0.6) | 2 (9.5) | 19.00 (1.62, 223.03) | 19.00 (1.62, 223.03) |
| Unknown | 11 (7.1) | 4 (19.0) | 3.45 (0.97, 12.30) | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 155 (99.4) | 21 (100.0) | n/a | |
| Yes | 1 (0.6) | 0 | ||
| Tobacco use | ||||
| No | 121 (77.6) | 13 (61.9) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Yes | 35 (22.4) | 8 (38.1) | 2.13 (0.82, 5.54) | |
| Severe COPD | ||||
| No | 155 (99.4) | 19 (90.5) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Yes | 1 (0.6) | 2 (9.5) | 16.32 (1.41, 188.57) | |
| Preoperative systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) | ||||
| No | 151 (96.8) | 19 (90.5) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Yes | 4 (2.6) | 2 (9.5) | 3.97 (0.68, 23.17) | |
| Dyspnea | ||||
| No | 156 (100.0) | 20 (95.2) | n/a | |
| Yes | 0 | 1 (4.8) | ||
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 140 (89.7) | 17 (81.0) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Yes | 16 (10.3) | 4 (19.0) | 2.06 (0.62, 6.88) | |
| Chronic steroid use | ||||
| No | 154 (98.7) | 21 (100.0) | n/a | |
| Yes | 2 (1.3) | 0 | ||
| Bleeding disorder | ||||
| No | 155 (99.4) | 20 (95.2) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Yes | 1 (0.6) | 1 (4.8) | 7.75 (0.47, 128.82) | |
| Procedure | ||||
| Craniotomy for electrode placement | 105 (67.3) | 15 (71.4) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Burr hole for electrode placement | 28 (17.9) | 2 (9.5) | 0.50 (0.11, 2.32) | |
| SEEG | 9 (5.8) | 0 | n/a | |
| Removal | 29 (18.6) | 4 (19.0) | 0.97 (0.30, 3.13) |
Characteristics significant in univariate analysis are shown in bold. All variables significant in univariate analysis were used in multivariate analysis (backward Walk method). n/a = not applicable (insufficient data).