Table II. Patient characteristics according to group (N = 61).
| Characteristics* | Cardiac (N = 48) | Control (N = 13) | P value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical history and demographic information | |||
| Birth weight, kg | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 0.68 |
| Gestational age, wk | 39.2 ± 1.3 | 39.4 ± 0.8 | 0.54 |
| Apgar score at 5 min‡ | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 9.0 ± 0.4 | 0.10 |
| Male, n (%) | 28 (58) | 7 (54) | 1.0 |
| Nonwhite, n (%) | 10 (21) | 6 (46) | 0.08 |
| MRI at one year of age | |||
| Corrected chronological age at MRI, median (range), mo | 13.4 (11.3-23.5) | 14.8 (11.9-18.9) | 0.77 |
| Total brain volume, mL | 870.9 ± 85.5 | 924.8 ± 89.1 | 0.009 |
| Cerebral white matter volume, mL | 231.2 ± 28.2 | 271.0 ± 32.3 | <0.001 |
| Cerebral gray matter volume, mL | 500.3 ± 50.0 | 516.3 ± 48.8 | 0.20 |
| Subcortical gray matter volume, mL | 41.6 ± 3.5 | 40.9 ± 3.3 | 0.46 |
| Cerebellum volume, mL | 105.9 ± 11.5 | 104.9 ± 12.2 | 0.65 |
| Brainstem volume, mL | 11.2 ± 1.5 | 12.5 ± 2.0 | 0.003 |
| Follow-up data at one year of age | |||
| Bayley Scales of Infant Development II | |||
| Psychomotor Development Index | 85.8 ± 16.3 | 96.2 ± 9.8 | 0.03 |
| Mental Development Index§ | 94.7 ± 11.3 | 101.8 ± 11.7 | 0.049 |
| MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) percentiles¶ | |||
| Phrases | 43 ± 28 | - | 0.13 |
| Vocabulary words understood | 34 ± 30 | - | 0.003 |
| Vocabulary words produced | 42 ± 24 | - | 0.052 |
| Total gestures | 32 ± 27 | - | <0.001 |
| Head circumference percentile | 48 ± 29 | 74 ± 19** | 0.004 |
| Weight percentile | 39 ± 33 | 66 ± 24 | 0.009 |
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified.
P values are for differences between groups. For binary variables, P values were determined by Fisher's exact tests. For brain volumes, P values were determined by linear regression adjusting for corrected chronological age at MRI and sex. For follow-up data, P values were determined by t-tests. For all other continuous variables, P values were determined by Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. For CDI percentiles, P values were determined by one-sample t-tests comparing the cardiac group mean with the expected population mean of 50th percentile.
N = 44 cardiac and 11 control patients.
N = 47 cardiac and 13 control patients.
N = 38 cardiac patients. MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory was not assessed in control patients.
P<0.001 comparing the control group mean with the expected population mean of 50th percentile.