Table III. (online only). Cardiac patient characteristics according to diagnostic group (N = 48).
| Characteristic* | TGA (N = 19) | TOF (N = 20) | VSD (N = 9) | P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical history and demographic information | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 12 (63) | 10 (50) | 6 (67) | 0.64 |
| Age at operation, median (range), d | 6 (2-13) | 63 (2-198) | 156 (39-264) | <0.001 |
| Lowest operative pCO2 | 32.6 ± 5.1 | 32.5 ± 5.0 | 33.0 ± 5.9 | 0.98 |
| Postoperative ICU length of stay, d | 4.8 ± 4.0 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.01 |
| MRI at one year of age | ||||
| Corrected chronological age at MRI, median (range), mo | 13.0 (11.3-16.4) | 13.5 (11.7-23.5) | 14.6 (12.2-21.4) | 0.08 |
| Total brain volume, mL | 881.9 ± 86.4 | 852.6 ± 91.6 | 888.5 ± 68.7 | 0.16 |
| Cerebral white matter volume, mL | 235.9 ± 28.3 | 224.3 ± 28.7 | 237.0 ± 26.8 | 0.11 |
| Cerebral gray matter volume, mL | 506.6 ± 52.3 | 492.8 ± 53.8 | 503.8 ± 37.7 | 0.23 |
| Subcortical gray matter volume, mL | 41.9 ± 3.9 | 40.7 ± 2.9 | 42.9 ± 3.8 | 0.25 |
| Cerebellum volume, mL | 105.7 ± 10.7 | 102.7 ± 12.0 | 113.3 ± 9.2 | 0.16 |
| Brainstem volume, mL | 11.3 ± 1.3 | 10.7 ± 1.4 | 12.2 ± 1.7 | 0.04 |
| Follow-up data at one year of age | ||||
| Overall abnormal neurologic examination result, n (%) | 7 (37) | 14 (70) | 7 (78) | 0.06 |
| Abnormal motor function, n (%) | 6 (32) | 13 (65) | 7 (78) | 0.03 |
| Bayley Scales of Infant Development II | ||||
| Psychomotor Development Index | 84.8 ± 14.9 | 86.5 ± 19.7 | 86.3 ± 11.9 | 0.95 |
| Mental Development Index‡ | 96.6 ± 10.2 | 93.9 ± 13.3 | 92.3 ± 8.5 | 0.61 |
| MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory | ||||
| percentiles§ | ||||
| Phrases | 46 ± 21 | 43 ± 33 | 33 ± 34 | 0.61 |
| Vocabulary words understood | 41 ± 26 | 33 ± 34 | 18 ± 28 | 0.27 |
| Vocabulary words produced | 47 ± 25 | 39 ± 27 | 36 ± 14 | 0.56 |
| Total gestures | 39 ± 28 | 28 ± 28 | 23 ± 17 | 0.36 |
| Head circumference percentile | 55 ± 29 | 42 ± 28 | 45 ± 31 | 0.34 |
| Weight percentile | 48 ± 33 | 31 ± 31 | 40 ± 36 | 0.26 |
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TGA, D-transposition of the great arteries; TOF, tetralogy of Fallot; VSD, ventral septal defect.
*
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified.
†
P values are for differences between diagnostic groups. For binary variables, the P value was determined by Fisher's exact test. For follow-up data, P values were determined by analysis of variance. For brain volumes, P values were determined by linear regression adjusting for corrected chronological age at MRI and sex. For all other continuous variables, P values were determined by Kruskal-Wallis tests.
‡
N = 19 TGA, 20 TOF, and 8 VSD patients.
§
N = 17 TGA, 15 TOF, and 6 VSD patients.