Table IV. (online only). Correlations of brain volumes with medical variables and neurologic/neurodevelopmental outcomes for cardiac patients (N = 48).
| Variable | Total brain | Cerebral white | Cerebral gray | Subcortical gray | Cerebellum | Brainstem |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical variable* | ||||||
| Preoperative characteristics | ||||||
| Birth weight | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.05 |
| Gestational age | 0.06 | −0.14 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.21 | −0.09 |
| Apgar score at 5 min | −0.10 | −0.14 | 0.00 | −0.11 | −0.13 | −0.11 |
| Catheterizations | 0.08 | −0.13 | 0.11 | −0.02 | 0.21 | −0.01 |
| Balloon atrial septostomy | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.16 |
| Age at operation | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.11 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.07 |
| Intubated before surgery | −0.12 | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.06 | −0.16 | −0.12 |
| Operative characteristics | ||||||
| Hematocrit treatment group (25%) | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
| Crossclamp time | 0.04 | 0.06 | −0.03 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
| Total support time | −0.02 | 0.00 | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.13 |
| Total bypass time | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.03 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.07 |
| Low-flow bypass time | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.11 |
| Duration of circulatory arrest | −0.09 | −0.04 | −0.11 | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.17 |
| Hematocrit at onset of low-flow | 0.02 | 0.13 | −0.03 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.08 |
| Lowest tympanic temperature | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.02 | −0.03 |
| Lowest pCO2 | 0.33§ | 0.24 | 0.31§ | 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.11 |
| pH at lowest pCO2 | −0.23 | −0.17 | −0.23 | −0.11 | −0.15 | −0.02 |
| Highest pCO2 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.11 |
| Lowest pO2 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.13 | −0.10 |
| Postoperative characteristics | ||||||
| Lactate 60 min after bypass | −0.13 | −0.25 | −0.08 | −0.13 | −0.16 | −0.07 |
| Lowest PaCO2 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.05 |
| Lowest PaO2 | −0.10 | −0.23 | −0.01 | −0.19 | −0.21 | −0.23 |
| PRISM 12 hr postoperative | −0.13 | −0.13 | −0.14 | −0.12 | −0.16 | −0.09 |
| PRISM 24 hr postoperative | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.07 | −0.05 | −0.14 | −0.01 |
| Hours intubated | −0.16 | −0.11 | −0.16 | −0.07 | −0.07 | −0.07 |
| Postoperative ICU length of stay | −0.27 | −0.21 | −0.29§ | −0.07 | 0.01 | −0.02 |
| Postoperative hospital length of stay | −0.10 | −0.08 | −0.13 | 0.03 | −0.06 | −0.02 |
| Hypertension | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.08 | −0.04 |
| Hypothermia | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.19 | −0.04 | −0.07 | −0.19 |
| Neurologic/neurodevelopmenta l outcomes† | ||||||
| Overall abnormal neurologic examination result | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Abnormal motor function | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.04 | −0.04 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II | ||||||
| Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) | −0.23 | −0.22 | −0.21 | −0.08 | −0.14 | −0.03 |
| Mental Development Index (MDI)‡ | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | −0.01 | −0.03 |
| MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI)‡ | ||||||
| Phrases | 0.19 | 0.32§ | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.43¶ |
| Vocabulary words understood | 0.29 | 0.43¶ | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.38§ |
| Vocabulary words produced | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
| Total gestures | 0.39§ | 0.44¶ | 0.36§ | 0.45¶ | 0.29 | 0.39§ |
*
Values are Spearman correlations between the medical variables and residuals from linear regression of the brain volumes on corrected chronological age at MRI, sex, and diagnosis.
†
Values are adjusted Spearman correlations between the neurologic/neurodevelopmental outcomes and residuals from linear regression of the brain volumes on corrected chronological age at MRI and sex.
‡
N = 47 for MDI and N = 38 for CDI percentiles.
§
P < 0.05,
¶
P < 0.01.