ASCs or CM modulates the expression of pulmonary cytokines in PH. Lung tissue harvested at the termination of the study was analysed for the expression of cytokines by RT‐PCR and western blot analysis: (A) TNFα, (B) IL‐1β, (C) IL‐6, (D) TGFβ and TLR‐4, (E) TGFβ (precursor, 50 KDa), (F) TGFβ (mature, 25 KDa), (G) TLR‐4, (H) iNOS, (I) IL‐10, (J) SDF‐1α, and (K) G‐CSF. Data presented in (A)–(B) and (D)–(K) are mean ± SEM, n = 5 animals per group. The number of animals included per group in (C) are control (n = 5), MCT (n = 5), MCT + M (n = 4), MCT + A (n = 5) and MCT + CM (n = 5), mean ± SEM. * P value of ≤ 0.05, comparing MCT and MCT + M versus control. # P value of ≤ 0.05, comparing MCT + A, and MCT + CM versus MCT. @ P value of ≤ 0.05, when MCT + CM is compared against MCT + M.