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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2016 Dec 30;502:133–143. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.12.022

(A, C) Primary cardiac fibroblast or myocyte cultures were stimulated with 50 ng/ml TNF-α for 1 h or transfected with 50 μg/ml Poly(I:C) for 4 h, fixed, and immunostained as indicated. (B, D) Primary cardiac cultures were treated with 20 nM LMB or media and simultaneously transfected with Poly(I:C) as in panel A. Scale bar = 10 μm. The percentage of cardiac fibroblasts (n = 55 – 156 cells per condition) or cardiac myocytes (n = 15 – 131 cells per condition) displaying nuclear p65 is indicated for a representative of two independent experiments. E) Cultures were treated with LMB for 1 h and then stimulated with TNF-α for 1 h, prior to mRNA harvest. Levels of mRNA expression for the indicated genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Fold induction by LMB and/or TNF-α is expressed relative to ‘mock’ for each culture (mean ± SD).

(A, C) Primary cardiac fibroblast or myocyte cultures were stimulated with 50 ng/ml TNF-α for 1 h or transfected with 50 μg/ml Poly(I:C) for 4 h, fixed, and immunostained as indicated. (B, D) Primary cardiac cultures were treated with 20 nM LMB or media and simultaneously transfected with Poly(I:C) as in panel A. Scale bar = 10 μm. The percentage of cardiac fibroblasts (n = 55 – 156 cells per condition) or cardiac myocytes (n = 15 – 131 cells per condition) displaying nuclear p65 is indicated for a representative of two independent experiments. E) Cultures were treated with LMB for 1 h and then stimulated with TNF-α for 1 h, prior to mRNA harvest. Levels of mRNA expression for the indicated genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Fold induction by LMB and/or TNF-α is expressed relative to ‘mock’ for each culture (mean ± SD).