. 2016 Dec 27;28(12):3342–3349. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.3342

Table 2. Comparison of outcome variables between the reverse distraction and Kaltenborn groups using the independent t-test/Mann-Whitney U test.

Variables	Reverse distraction mean ± SD/median	Kaltenborn mean ± SD/median
VAS (cm)^{t *}	2.5 ± 0.9^a	5.5 ± 1.3^a
Abduction AROM (^o)^{t *}	165.7 ± 8.4^a	139.4 ± 13.5^a
Abduction PROM (^o)^{t *}	171.9 ± 7.7^a	146.4 ± 12.6^a
E.R. AROM (^o)^t	54.5 ± 13.0^a	49.4 ± 12.2^a
E.R. PROM (^o)^t	60.0 ± 11.3^a	57.6 ± 11.7^a
HBB (%)^u	12.9^b	10.9^b
FLEX-SF score^t	53.1 ± 3.5^a	50.0 ± 3.3^a

VAS: visual analogue scale; AROM: active range of motion; (^o): degrees; PROM: passive range of motion; ER: external rotation; HBB: hand behind back reach; FLEX-SF: flexillevel scale of shoulder function; ^amean ± SD;^bmedian; ^tIndependent t-test; ^uMann-Whitney U test; *significant at <0.05. HBB (%) was calculated using the following formula: Inline graphic