Table 2.

Comparison of histopathological characteristics of SFTSV models and patients.

Model	Time to death	Lymph node	Spleen	Bone marrow	Liver	Kidney	Reference
C57BL/6 IFNAR-/-	5–7 days	Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis	Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis	Increasing the myeloid/erythroid ratio	Diffuse infiltration by inflammatory cells	Antigen-positive large mononuclear cells	Tani et al., 2015, Present study
		Loss of lymphoid follicles in the cortex	Loss of white pulp	Moderate necrosis collocating with edema and fibrin	Focal necrosis with slight inflammatory cell infiltration
					Antigen-positive swollen Kupffer cells
129/Sv IFNAR-/-	2–3 days	Antigen-positive mononuclear cells	Not significant				Liu et al., 2014; Shimada et al., 2015; Hayasaka et al., 2016
C57BL/6	–		Marked increase in megakaryocytes	Significantly increased megakaryocytes	Ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes	Glomerular hypercellularity	Jin et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2014
			Decreased lymphocyte cellularity in the red pulp		Scattered necrosis	Mesangial thickening
					Multifocal pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyokysis	Congestion in Bowman’s space
Newborn	7–13 days				Large necrotic areas		Chen et al., 2012
					Large amount of mononuclear cells
Rhesus macaque	–				Multiple scattered loci with hepatocyte necrosis	Glomerular hypercellularity	Jin et al., 2015
						Mesangial thickening
						Congestion in Bowman’s space
Human (fatalities)		Necrotizing lymphadenitis with extensive necrosis	Prominent hemophagocytosis	Prominent hemophagocytosis	Mild microvesicular fatty changes	Subepithelial hemorrhage within the renal pelvis	Hiraki et al., 2014; Takahashi et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2016
		Infitration by histiocytes and immunoblasts		Histiocytic hypocellular	Inflammation of lymphocytes and macrophages
		Prominent hemophagocytosis			Globular necroses and mild portal fibrosis