Table 4.
Impact of alcohol consumption on survival in 429 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma according to treatment method to primary site
| n (%) | Overall survival | Disease‐specific survival | Disease‐free survival | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5‐year values (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)† | P‐value | 5‐year values (95% CI) | HR (95%CI)† | P‐value | 5‐year values (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)† | P‐value | ||
| Oral cavity (Op) | ||||||||||
| Non‐drinker | 68 (35) | 0.79 (0.65–0.87) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.79 (0.65–0.88) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.67 (0.54–0.78) | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Light | 48 (25) | 0.72 (0.54–0.85) | 1.92 (0.77–4.76) | 0.157 | 0.73 (0.54–0.85) | 1.89 (0.76–4.68) | 0.171 | 0.61 (0.43–0.74) | 1.99 (1.02–3.90) | 0.043 |
| Moderate | 28 (14) | 0.57 (0.32–0.76) | 3.61 (1.27–10.22) | 0.016 | 0.48 (0.24–0.69) | 4.15 (1.55–11.17) | 0.005 | 0.33 (0.14–0.54) | 3.17 (1.45–6.94) | 0.004 |
| Heavy | 46 (24) | 0.68 (0.49–0.81) | 2.02 (0.72–5.70) | 0.184 | 0.76 (0.58–0.87) | 1.36 (0.47–3.96) | 0.572 | 0.53 (0.36–0.68) | 1.94 (0.90–4.18) | 0.090 |
| Trend P = 0.173 | Trend P = 0.429 | Trend P = 0.077 | ||||||||
| Tongue (Op) | ||||||||||
| Non‐drinker | 42 (31) | 0.83 (0.62–0.93) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.83 (0.63–0.92) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.68 (0.50–0.81) | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Light | 39 (29) | 0.66 (0.43–0.81) | 3.20 (0.96–10.60) | 0.057 | 0.66 (0.43–0.81) | 3.19 (0.93–10.92) | 0.064 | 0.54 (0.35–0.70) | 2.19 (0.99–4.88) | 0.054 |
| Moderate | 18 (13) | 0.43 (0.13–0.70) | 11.70 (2.99–45.74) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.13–0.67) | 11.63 (3.04–44.53) | <0.001 | 0.15 (0.01–0.43) | 6.36 (2.43–16.65) | <0.001 |
| Heavy | 34 (25) | 0.67 (0.44–0.82) | 3.07 (0.76–12.42) | 0.117 | 0.75 (0.54–0.88) | 2.04 (0.48–8.58) | 0.332 | 0.51 (0.31–0.68) | 2.44 (0.93–6.40) | 0.071 |
| Trend P = 0.126 | Trend P = 0.345 | Trend P = 0.055 | ||||||||
| Non‐tongue‡ (Op) | ||||||||||
| Non‐drinker | 26 (42) | 0.72 (0.50–0.85) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.72 (0.49–0.85) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.65 (0.43–0.80) | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Light | 9 (14) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.39–0.98) | 0.21 (0.03–1.88) | 0.166 | ||||
| Moderate | 10 (17) | 0.74 (0.29–0.93) | 0.09 (0.08–1.07) | 0.057 | 0.59 (0.19–0.85) | 0.26 (0.39–2.17) | 0.213 | 0.61 (0.20–0.86) | 0.56 (0.94–3.31) | 0.522 |
| Heavy | 12 (21) | 0.71 (0.34–0.90) | 0.31 (0.05–1.94) | 0.209 | 0.77 (0.35–0.94) | 0.21 (0.03–1.51) | 0.123 | 0.60 (0.22–0.84) | 0.58 (0.13–2.54) | 0.467 |
| Trend P = 0.322 | Trend P = 0.222 | Trend P = 0.468 | ||||||||
| Laryngopharyngeal cancer (oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, laryngeal) | ||||||||||
| Non‐drinker | 43 (19) | 0.82 (0.60–0.93) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.95 (0.81–0.98) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.63 (0.42–0.78) | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Light | 43 (18) | 0.71 (0.49–0.85) | 1.43 (0.49–4.19) | 0.513 | 0.73 (0.51–0.86) | 2.67 (0.67–10.64) | 0.164 | 0.39 (0.22–0.55) | 2.27 (1.08–4.79) | 0.030 |
| Moderate | 43 (19) | 0.69 (0.51–0.81) | 1.89 (0.66–5.40) | 0.233 | 0.80 (062–0.90) | 2.38 (0.57–9.86) | 0.232 | 0.43 (0.25–0.59) | 2.05 (0.96–4.35) | 0.062 |
| Heavy | 94 (42) | 0.54 (0.42–0.65) | 2.35 (0.88–6.25) | 0.086 | 0.62 (0.50–0.72) | 4.09 (1.11–15.08) | 0.034 | 0.33 (0.23–0.44) | 2.35 (1.17–4.69) | 0.016 |
| Trend P = 0.054 | Trend P = 0.025 | Trend P = 0.047 | ||||||||
| Op | ||||||||||
| Non‐drinker | 14 (17) | 0.84 (0.50–0.96) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.84 (0.49–0.96) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.31 (0.05–0.62) | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Light | 14 (17) | 0.36 (0.07–0.68) | 1.35 (0.23–8.13) | 0.737 | 0.41 (0.07–0.73) | 1.05 (0.15–7.32) | 0.958 | 0.21 (0.04–0.46) | 1.67 (0.54–5.20) | 0.377 |
| Moderate | 17 (21) | 0.88 (0.59–0.97) | 0.60 (0.08–4.33) | 0.615 | 0.93 (0.63–0.99) | 0.50 (0.06–4.31) | 0.531 | 0.44 (0.17–0.69) | 0.67 (0.20–2.20) | 0.507 |
| Heavy | 35 (43) | 0.48 (0.25–0.68) | 1.45 (0.28–7.43) | 0.653 | 0.62 (0.39–0.79) | 1.46 (0.28–7.61) | 0.648 | 0.36 (0.16–0.56) | 0.98 (0.34–2.82) | 0.967 |
| Trend P = 0.592 | Trend P = 0.511 | Trend P = 0.666 | ||||||||
| RT | ||||||||||
| Non‐drinker | 29 (20) | 0.81 (0.50–0.94) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.52–0.91) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||||
| Light | 28 (19) | 0.89 (0.69–0.96) | 0.86 (0.16–4.69) | 0.862 | 0.88 (0.69–0.96) | Cannot be estimated§ | 0.46 (0.23–0.66) | 3.02 (0.94–10.01) | 0.067 | |
| Moderate | 26 (18) | 0.59 (0.36–0.76) | 2.94 (0.69–12.51) | 0.145 | 0.74 (0.50–0.87) | 0.42 (0.21–0.61) | 4.37 (1.37–13.93) | 0.013 | ||
| Heavy | 59 (41) | 0.56 (0.41–0.68) | 3.11 (0.76–12.69) | 0.113 | 0.62 (0.48–0.74) | 0.31 (0.19–0.44) | 5.03 (1.64–15.40) | 0.005 | ||
| Trend P = 0.034 | Trend P = 0.009 | Trend P = 0.004 | ||||||||
Alcohol consumption graded as: light, <23 g ethanol/day; moderate, 23–46 g ethanol/day; and heavy, >46 g ethanol/day. †Adjusted by sex, age, Union for International Cancer Control performance status, stage, primary site, smoker, energy, synchoronous and metachronous, second primary cancer, definitive therapy, and induction chemotherapy. ‡Oral cancer and non‐tongue consist of gingiva, oral floor, and buccal mucosa. §Non‐drinker was no event and hazard ratio (HR) cannot be estimated. CI, confidence interval; Op, surgery; RT, radiotherapy.