Table 1.

Criteria for diagnosis of ventilator-associate pneumonia (16–17)

Radiology	Sign/Symptom	Laboratory
At least one of the following findings in serial chest radiography: -New or progressive and persistent infiltrate -Consolidation -Cavitation	At least one of the following signs or symptoms: -Fever (>38°C) -Leukopenia (<4000 WBC/mm3) or leukocytosis (>12000 WBC/mm3) and At least one of the following: -Sputum production or change in antecedent sputum characteristics (including consistency, colure or quantity) or increased respiratory secretions or suctioning requirements -New onset or worsening of antecedent cough, dyspnea or tachypnea -Abnormal respiratory sounds -Worsening gas exchange including hypoxia, hypoxemia, increased requirement for oxygen support or mechanical ventilation	At least one of the following: Positive blood culture originated from respiratory tract Positive pleural fluid culture Positive culture of respiratory tract sample (endotracheal aspirate secretions)