TABLE 4.
Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis for risk factors associated with tuberculosis cases in molecular clusters of different sizes in London (2010–2014), adjusted for random effects of Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA)
| Cases in cluster n | |||
| 2 | 3–20 | >20 | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) |
| Age group years | |||
| 0–14 | 1.15 (0.65–2.02) | 1.18 (0.76–1.83) | 1.29 (0.75–2.22) |
| 15–44 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 45–64 | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.82 (0.64–1.04) |
| ≥65 | 0.68 (0.50–0.93) | 0.71 (0.56–0.90) | 0.52 (0.35–0.78) |
| Ethnic group | |||
| White | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Black-Caribbean | 2.1 (1.25–3.55) | 3.13 (2.08–4.71) | 3.64 (2.23–5.94) |
| Black-African | 1.35 (0.99–1.86) | 1.86 (1.46–2.38) | 2.09 (1.49–2.91) |
| Black-Other | 1.88 (0.92–3.84) | 1.92 (1.07–3.45) | 2.29 (1.13–4.66) |
| Indian | 0.95 (0.70–1.30) | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 0.78 (0.55–1.11) |
| Pakistani | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) | 1.02 (0.76–1.36) | 1.51 (1.02–2.24) |
| Bangladeshi | 0.60 (0.38–0.94) | 0.53 (0.37–0.76) | 0.26 (0.13–0.50) |
| Chinese | 0.78 (0.37–1.64) | 0.78 (0.44–1.40) | 0.63 (0.24–1.68) |
| Mixed/other | 1.12 (0.81–1.54) | 1.11 (0.86–1.43) | 0.89 (0.61–1.29) |
| Place of birth | |||
| Non-UK | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| UK | 1.45 (1.12–1.87) | 2.13 (1.75–2.58) | 2.93 (2.28–3.77) |
| Occupation | |||
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| None | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 1.18 (0.94–1.49) |
| Education | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 1.31 (1.01–1.70) |
| Healthcare | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 0.82 (0.60–1.11) | 0.47 (0.25–0.87) |
| Pulmonary disease | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.46 (1.24–1.72) | 1.48 (1.30–1.68) | 1.47 (1.21–1.79) |
| Drug resistance# | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.25 (0.96–1.61) | 0.82 (0.65–1.03) | 1.75 (1.34–2.28) |
| Risk factor count¶ | |||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 0.83 (0.59–1.15) | 1.12 (0.88–1.42) | 1.36 (0.99–1.87) |
| 2 | 1.00 (0.53–1.89) | 1.59 (1.00–2.52) | 2.46 (1.45–4.18) |
| 3 | 0.86 (0.35–2.12) | 1.28 (0.67–2.45) | 3.75 (1.96–7.16) |
| 4 | 4.35 (0.39–48.50) | 4.13 (0.45–37.58) | 16.64 (1.98–139.88) |
| IMD quintile+ | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) |
Data are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% CI). IMD: index of multiple deprivation. #: resistance to any first-line antibiotic; ¶: cumulative number of social risk factors (history of homelessness, illicit drug use, alcohol misuse, imprisonment) reported by each case; +: IMD quintile of LSOA within London (lowest is most deprived), included as a continuous variable in multilevel model accounting for random effects of LSOA.