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. 2017 Jan 30;7:41484. doi: 10.1038/srep41484

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(a) The pupil size (black trace) and the pressure in the waist cuff (gray trace) were measured concurrently. (b) ARX analysis highlighted a significant influence of the respiration signal on the pupil size. The shaded area indicates the 99% confidence interval of the impulse response. (c) The percentage of variance explained depended on the time horizon - i.e. how far ahead in time was the model prediction – but topped around 3%. (d) The effect of respiration was then removed from the pupil trace, to illustrate the capacity of this approach to clean the signal from unwanted influences.