CD34+ CSCs expand in the submucosal layer and the pericryptal niche after weaning. (A) Immunofluorescence analysis of gp38 (green) and CD34 (red) expression by lamina propria stromal cells at E16.5 (embryonic age after conception), and 14 d (P14) or 21 d (P21) after birth. Insets show gp38+ CD34– stromal cells (arrowheads) and gp38+ CD34+ stromal cells (arrows); images are representative of n = 4 mice from three independent experiments. C, crypt; L, lumen; SML, submucosal layer. Costaining with CD31 confirmed that fetal and postnatal gp38– CD34+ cells are blood vessels (Fig. S4). (Scale bar: 50 μm.) (B) FACS analysis of CD34+ and CD34– cells among CD45–CD31–gp38+ intestinal stromal cells at the indicated time after birth; n = 4 mice from two independent experiments. (C) Expression of the indicated genes, as measured by qRT-PCR, in CD34+ and CD34– stromal cells isolated by FACS from colons of 2- and 8-wk-old mice. n = 3–5 mice from two independent experiments. DAPI stains nuclei. In B and C, values are mean ± SD. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.005, *P < 0.05. ns, not significant.