Intestinal inflammation induces remodeling and activation of CD34+ CSCs. (A) Immunofluorescence analysis of gp38 (green) and CD34 (red) expression by intestinal stromal cells after acute or chronic DSS-induced colitis. Insets show bigger magnification of CD34+ CSCs (arrow) or CD34– MyoFs (arrowhead) in acute DSS. BV, blood vessels; C, crypts; L, lumen. (Scale bar: 50 μm.) (B) Percentage of CD34+ and CD34– cells among total gp38+ stromal cells (gated CD45– CD31–) obtained by FACS at steady state, or after acute DSS and chronic DSS. (C) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Vcam1 expression by CD34+ CSCs and CD34– MyoFs in the indicated conditions. (D) Clustered gene expression analysis, as measured by qRT-PCR, for CD34+ CSCs and CD34– MyoFs in the indicated conditions. n = 4–6 for each condition from two to three independent experiments. DAPI stains nuclei. In B and C, values are mean ± SD. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.005, *P < 0.05.