Fig. 4.

Dietary nitrate suppresses TNF-α–induced neutrophil and inflammatory monocyte recruitment in ApoE KO mice. Dietary nitrate attenuated TNF-α–induced leukocyte recruitment (4 h) into the peritoneal cavity (A), and specifically a reduction in neutrophil numbers (B) with a representative scatter plot of neutrophil identification shown in C. This was associated with reduced MPO activity (D) and CD11b expression (E) with a representative histogram of neutrophil CD11b expression, blue and green representing control and nitrate-fed, respectively (F). Furthermore, dietary nitrate treatment caused a reduction of inflammatory monocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity at 24 h after TNF-α (G) and an elevation of IL-10 4 h after TNF-α in peritoneal lavage fluid (H). Finally, qRT-PCR for IL-10 mRNA of aortic arch from NCD or HFD ApoE KO mice demonstrates an increase of expression in NCD-fed mice (I). Data are shown as mean ± SEM of n = 8–10 mice. Statistical significance was determined using unpaired t test represented by *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01 compared with control. (IL-10, 1 data point in KCl excluded using Routs outlier test).