Table 1.

Physicochemical properties of toner.

Test sample	Physicochemical properties	Value
Bulk toner∗	Color	Black
	Component (wt%)
	Polyester resin	70–80%
	Carbon black	1–10%
	Wax	1–10%
	Copper compound	1–10%
	Total amount of particles less than 100 nm in external additive (wt%)	4-5%
	Total amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in external additive (wt%)	1-2%
	Total amount of amorphous silica nanoparticles in external additive (wt%)	3-4%
	BET surface area∗∗  (m2/g)	2-3
Toner for inhalation study	Mass median aerodynamic diameter (μm)	2.1
	Geometric standard deviation	1.6

Toner^∗: powder used in laser printers and photocopies to form the printed text and images on the paper.

BET surface area^∗∗: Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area.