Table 3.
DMDD at Age 6 as Predictor of Symptom Scores at Age 9
| Age 6 DMDD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No DMDD Diagnosis |
DMDD Diagnosis |
Adjusted for Demographic Covariates |
Adjusted for All Age 6 Psychiatric Disorders and Demographic Covariates |
|||
| Symptoms at age 9, mean (SD) | (n=434) | (n=36) | β | B(SE) | β | B(SE) |
| Depressive symptom scale | .48 (1.62) | 1.14 (2.22) | .10* | .66 (.29) | .12* | .75 (.33) |
| Anxiety symptom scale | 3.70 (5.40) | 4.25 (5.15) | .03 | .55 (.93) | .02 | .37 (1.02) |
| ADHD symptom scale | 1.24 (1.75) | 2.42 (2.18) | .17*** | 1.17 (.30) | .13 ** | .91 (.32) |
| DBD symptom scale | .88 (2.29) | 4.14 (4.87) | .32*** | 3.26 (.44) | .17*** | 1.74 (.48) |
| Maternal-reported CDI | 6.94 (4.61) | 11.42 (6.50) | .24*** | 4.33 (.82) | .22*** | 3.96 (.88) |
| Paternal-reported CDI | 7.11 (4.34) | 9.13 (4.23) | .12* | 1.97 (.80) | .11* | 1.78 (.87) |
| Child-reported CDI | 4.86 (4.23) | 5.29 (3.85) | .03 | .41 (.74) | −.004 | −.07 (.84) |
| Maternal-reported SCARED | 7.82 (8.00) | 9.33 (7.48) | .05 | 1.36 (1.38) | .01 | .20 (1.50) |
| Paternal-reported SCARED | 6.75 (6.48) | 5.13 (5.54) | −.07 | −1.62 (1.20) | −.06 | −1.55 (1.33) |
| Child-reported SCARED | 19.60 (11.14) | 20.71 (11.66) | .02 | 1.02 (1.96) | .05 | 2.01 (2.26) |
Note. † p<.10;
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001.
DMDD=disruptive mood dysregulation disorder; ADHD=attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DBD=disruptive behavior disorders; CDI=Child Depression Inventory; SCARED=Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. K-SADS scales N=470 (434 No MDDD, 36 DMDD); Maternal-reported CDI and SCARED N=467 (431 No DMDD, 36 DMDD); Paternal-reported CDI N=405 (374 No DMDD, 31 DMDD); Paternal-reported SCARED N=404 (373 No DMDD, 31 DMDD); Child-reported CDI and SCARED N=463 (428 No DMDD, 35 DMDD). Demographic variables (age, gender, parental education) were included as covariates only if they were significantly associated with the outcome variable.