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. 2017 Jan 1;220(1):124–132. doi: 10.1242/jeb.142786

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Biases in song imitation. (A) An imitation of an abnormal isolate song. The isolate tutor song (top) is composed of a rare syllable type A and a highly abundant syllable type B. The pupil's song (bottom) is composed of the same syllable types but with different abundances. (B) Imitation of syllable abundance from isolate tutors across birds. The correlation line at abundance level <30% indicates imitation of abundance below that level. (C) An illustration of a negative (balancing) frequency-dependent selection, where the relative frequency of rare morphs is amplified. (D) An example of a biased imitation of syllable duration. The tutor (top) is an isolate. Red bars indicate an abnormally long syllable type. (E) Imitation of syllable durations from isolate tutors. Line indicates a copy of the abnormal syllable type in the pupil's song.