a, Morphology and OCT4 immunostaining of human and rhesus macaque rsESCs. b, Cloning efficiency of human and macaque ESCs versus rsESCs. c, Unbiased cross-species hierarchical clustering of trancriptomes of primate PSCs and rsPSCs. d, Representative images showing outcomes of grafted GFP-labelled H9 ESCs and H9 rsESCs to different epiblast regions of non-intact and non-viable isolated E7.5 mouse embryos. Arrowheads, cell clumps. Dashed line, dispersed cells. Blue, DAPI. e, Outcomes of graftingH9 andH9 rsESCs to different mouse epiblast regions of non-intact and non-viable E7.5 mouse embryos. f, Immunostaining of posterior-grafted GFP-labelled H9 ESCs and H9 rsESCs. Blue, DAPI. Insets, high magnification views. Arrowheads indicate T (brachyury)-, SOX2-, FOXA2- or OCT4-positive derivatives of grafted cells. g, Schematic representation of distinct PSCs captured from early embryos and their specific timings and regions to re-enter embryogenesis. Error bars, s.d.; t-test, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. (b, n = 6; e, n indicated on the graph; independent experiments).