Table 5.

Associations with positive ultrasounds among subjects with MSU-positive gout.

Factor	Univariable OR	Multivariable* OR
Double Contour Sign on Ultrasound
Highest SUA	1.31 (1.13–1.53)	1.24 (1.05–1.46)
Tender proximal joint	2.02 (1.34–3.04)	1.79 (1.12–2.84)
Any radiographic feature†	3.04 (1.95–4.75)	3.19 (1.97–5.15)
Tophus on Ultrasound
Suspected clinical tophus‡	7.47 (4.72–11.84)	7.05 (4.14–11.99)
Current SUA	1.22 (1.05–1.41)	1.23 (1.01–1.47)
Asymmetric swelling on radiograph	6.14 (3.93–9.60)	5.18 (3.14–8.56)
Snowstorm on Ultrasound
Suspected clinical tophus‡	2.25 (1.46–3.47)	2.29 (1.40–3.76)
Cyst on radiograph	1.87 (1.20–2.93)	1.70 (1.06–2.72)
Number of episodes
1	REF	REF
2–5	0.30 (0.13–0.69)	0.20 (0.08–0.51)
>5	0.55 (0.27–1.12)	0.34 (0.15–0.76)
Any Ultrasound Feature
Suspected clinical tophus	4.81 (2.57–8.98)	4.77 (2.23–10.21)
Abnormal radiographic feature†	5.57 (3.34–9.29)	4.68 (2.68–8.17)
Current SUA	1.31 (1.09–1.56)	1.31 (1.06–1.62)

^*Multivariable logistic regression models are adjusted for age, sex, and remainder of factors in the table.

^†Abnormal radiographic feature refers to the presence of either cystic changes, asymmetry or erosion.

^‡Suspected clinical tophus refers to assessment on physical examination

Highest ever and current SUA are continuous variables where a change in one unit reflects a change in serum urate of 0.1 mmol/l.

MTP1 involvement ever refers to symptomatic pain and/or swelling of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint during any episode.