Figure 3. Metabolic pathways of the metabolites identified.

Lipid biosynthesis. Fold-change (patients with multiple sclerosis/controls) trends are indicated in red, green, and gray arrows for significant upregulated, deregulated, and nonsignificant chemical classes in patients with MS, respectively. Areas in orange represent processes carried out in the mitochondria. AC = acylcarnitines; CE = cholesteryl esters; Cer = ceramides; CL = cardiolipins; CS = cholesterol sulfate; DAG = diacylglycerols; FAA = primary fatty amides; G3P = glycerol 3-phosphate; LPC = lysophosphatidylcholines; LPE = lysophosphatidylethanolamines; LPG = lysophosphatidylglycerols; LPI = lysophosphatidylinositols; MAG = monoacylglycerols; NAE = N-acylethanolamines; NEFA = nonesterified fatty acids; oxFA = oxidized fatty acids; PA = phosphatidic acids; PC = phosphatidylcholines; PE = phosphatidylethanolamines; PG = phosphatidylglycerols; PI = phosphatidylinositols; PS = phosphatidylserines; SAMe = S-adenosylmethionine; SM = sphingomyelins; ST = steroids; TAG = triacylglycerols; UC = unesterified cholesterol.