Table 2.
Summary of the histologic subtype, duration from oral cavity metastasis diagnosis to patient’s death, clinical presentations, therapy instituted in the management of oral cavity metastases, and positive immunohistochemical stains
| Case no. |
Histopathologic diagnosis |
Duration from jaw/soft tissue metastases to DOD (mo) |
Clinical presentation of jaw/soft tissue metastases |
Management of metastatic jaw/soft tissue disease |
Positive IHC stains |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | High-grade pleomorphic sarcoma |
13 | Buccogingival mass preventing chewing |
RT | SMA, Vimentin |
| 2 | Non-small cell carcinoma |
2 | Expansile lesion | RT | Cytokeratin |
| 3 | Small cell carcinoma | 9 | Non-healing tooth infection |
CT | ND |
| 4 | Poorly differentiated carcinoma |
3 | Lesion on the hard palate increased in size non- responsive to antibiotic |
RT | TTF-1, CK7, AE1/3 |
| 5 | Adenocarcinoma | 11 | Jaw pain attributed to toothache, tooth extracted and swelling developed |
RT | CK7 |
| 6 | Mesothelioma | 34 | Submucosal mass | CT | CK5/6, Calretinin |
| 7 | Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma |
0.16 | Submucosal mass | CT | CK7, TTF-1, Napsin-A, |
| 8 | Undifferentiated carcinoma |
2 | Gingival swellings | CT | ND |
| 9 | Undifferentiated carcinoma |
7 | Swollen gingivae | CT | CK7, TTF-1 |
| 10 | Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma |
14 | Palatal mass after an extraction |
CT | ND |
| 11 | Adenocarcinoma | 5 | Gingival mass | CT | CK7 |
| 12 | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
142 | Numbness of lower lip, jaw pain, trismus |
- | CK7, ER, PR |
| 13 | Adenocarcinoma | Alive, 93 mo after jaw metastases |
Numbness of lower lip, trismus |
RT | ER |
| 14 | Adenocarcinoma | 21 | Expansile lesion | CT | ND |
| 15 | Adenocarcinoma | Alive 35 mo after oral metastasis |
Gingival mass | CT | CK7, ER |
| 16 | Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma |
8 | Submucosal mass | RT | CK7 |
| 17 | Adenocarcinoma | 65 | Numbness of lower lip, expansile lesion |
S/RT | ND |
| 18 | Adenocarcinoma | 10 | Numbness of lower lip, lesion around tooth |
- | PSA |
| 19 | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
10 | Tooth abscess, jaw pain | - | HepPar-1 |
| 20 | Mucinous adenocarcinoma |
11 | Jaw numbness | RT | CK7, CK19, CA19-9 |
| 21 | Adenocarcinoma | 5 | Chin numbness | RT | ND |
| 22 | Adenocarcinoma with signet-ring features |
21 | Jaw mass | RT | AE1/3, CK20, CDX2 |
| 23 | Adenocarcinoma | 21 | Facial pain and nasal congestion |
S/RT | CK20, CDX2 |
| 24 | Adenocarcinoma | Alive 2 mo after oral metastasis |
Gingival swelling | CT | ND |
| 25 | Transitional cell carcinoma |
19 | Teeth sensitivity, abscess, lip numbness, jaw pain and swelling |
RT | CK, CEA |
| 26 | Renal cell carcinoma | 12 | Lip numbness and jaw mass |
S | ND |
| 27 | Renal cell carcinoma | 96 | Jaw pain and jaw mass | RT | ND |
| 28 | Renal cell carcinoma | Alive 44 mo after oral metastasis |
Oral pain and gingival swelling |
S/CT | CK, Vimentin, CD10, EMA, PAX2, PAX8 |
| 29 | Renal cell carcinoma | 2 | Submucosal mass | CT | ND |
| 30 | Renal cell carcinoma | 19 | Submucosal mass | S/RT | ND |
| 31 | Renal cell carcinoma | 8 | Bilobed mass extending from buccal to lingual gingiva |
RT | ND |
| 32 | Renal cell carcinoma | Alive 4 mo after oral metastasis |
Pink raised lesion | S/CT | PAX8, CD10, CA IX |
| 33 | Neuroblastoma | Alive, 21 mo after jaw metastases |
Rapidly developing jaw mass |
RT | ND |
| 34 | Retinoblastoma | 8 | Tooth exfoliated, Jaw pain and mass |
CRT | NSE, p53, SYN, CD56 |
| 35 | Neuroblastoma | Alive, 170 mo after jaw metastases |
Jaw mass | S | ND |
| 36 | Neuroblastoma | Alive, 93 mo after jaw metastases |
Rapidly developing jaw mass in 1 week |
S | ND |
| 37 | Neuroblastoma | Alive, 85 mo after jaw metastases |
Patient irritable attributed to teething, rapidly developing jaw mass |
CT | SYN |
| 38 | Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma |
0.5 | Gingival mass | S | 34BE12, A4A, focal Desmin |
| 39 | Leiomyosarcoma | 1 | Painless submucosal mass | CT | SMA, Vimentin |
| 40 | Germ cell tumor | 3 | Gingival swelling | S/RT | CK, Beta-HCG |
| 41 | Adenocarcinoma | 5 | Ulcerated lesion | CT | |
| 42 | Angiosarcoma | 15 | Palatal mass | RT | CD31, CD34 |
| 43 | Adenocarcinoma with papillary features |
2 | Submucosal mass | CT | CK7, Mucincarmine |
| 44 | Neuroblastoma | Alive, 233 mo after jaw metastases |
Jaw mass | CT | Chromogranin, NSE |
Abbreviations: SMA, smooth muscle actin; CK, cytokeratins; TTF-1, thyroid transcription factor—1; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; EMA, epithelial membrane antigen; CA, carbonic anhydrase; ND, not done; DOD, dead of disease; RT, radiotherapy; S, surgical resection; CT, chemotherapy; CRT, chemoradiation therapy.