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. 2016 Jun 30;11(1):34–45. doi: 10.1080/19336950.2016.1207023

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© 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 6. — Schematic summary of IVS3-S4 modulation on Ca_V1 activation. (A) Scheme of summary. Channel activation can be considered being controlled by the cooperative behaviors (binding and downstream events) between S3 and S4. G_X linkers attenuate whereas loop-bound antibodies facilitate the activation. The color codes (green, closed; red, open) are to indicate the open probability or the fraction of open channels. (B) Cartoons to illustrate the potential mechanism of flexibility-mediated channel gating. Increasing flexibility of VSD movement would reduce the chance of appropriate VSD positioning for the key sites to interact (indicating by green and violet dots); and decreasing the random movement of VSD would do the opposite. (C) The summary and comparison for the 2 major kinds of modulation in this study. The dynamic range and perturbations related to IVS3-S4 (upper) and CaM (lower) are compared. Color codes are in similar fashion to (A).